信息技术治理影响分销渠道敏捷的机理研究

如何获取供应链敏捷是信息系统和运作管理领域共同关注的热点和前沿问题。然而，当前研究主要关注供应链流程柔性或信息技术柔性对于供应链敏捷形成的作用，忽视了供应链环境中如何通过IT治理来实现供应链的分销渠道敏捷。基于IT治理和IT-商务战略匹配理论，本文构建了一个有调节的中介模型来实证研究IT治理、企业间电子商务战略匹配（知识匹配和运作匹配）和环境动荡性影响渠道敏捷的机理。通过对209家被调查企业的数据分析发现：IT治理通过知识匹配和运作匹配对渠道敏捷产生积极正向影响；环境动荡水平越高，运作匹配所发挥的中介作用越强；环境动荡性在IT治理和知识匹配之间存在负向调节作用，而在知识匹配和渠道敏捷之间存在正向调节作用。本文通过融合IT治理和IT-商务战略匹配理论，揭示了焦点企业和渠道伙伴的IT治理对渠道敏捷的作用机理，为供应链敏捷理论贡献新知。     

企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略分析

依托资源依赖、组织学习、新制度主义等视角,在识别企业与非营利组织社会联盟构成维度和类型的基础上,探索了企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略的决策依据和过程,构建“初始条件-治理过程-联盟绩效”的整体研究框架,并识别出可能影响联盟战略实施的情境特征.     

从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链转型——电商企业供应链双案例研究

现有供应链理论尽管讨论了企业间协同和消费者对供应链协同的影响,然而,在电商情境下,对以合作伙伴协同为主的供应链如何转型为面向消费者的供应链,及面向消费者与面向合作伙伴供应链的差异缺乏深入探讨。本文在战略更新理论和动态能力理论基础上,通过两家电商企业及其供应商从传统供应链转型为电商供应链的案例研究发现:(1)电商供应链转型存在重构式和渐进式两种战略更新模式,重构式转型主要通过资源获取形成能力重构,再通过能力重构实现供应链战略更新;渐进式转型主要通过资源整合实现能力拓展,再通过能力拓展实现供应链战略更新;(2)面向消费者与面向合作伙伴供应链协同的差异主要体现在核心价值、成本结构、协同主体和IT应用4个方面。这一研究将战略更新理论从单一企业视角扩展到供应链视角,提出了从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链战略转型理论框架,拓展了供应链转型的理论内涵,对中国企业在互联网进程中实现供应链转型具有理论指导和实践启示意义。     

经济全球化与市场分割性双重条件下中国企业战略选择研究

基于中国企业在加入世界贸易组织以后所面临的特殊情境,深入分析经济全球化与市场分割性对中国企业构成的双重压力和影响,以及中国企业应对上述影响所采取的4种主要的战略选择。这4种战略选择是高度的市场本地化和高度的行业多元化相结合、高度的投资本地化与高度的行业集中化相结合、高度的市场多元化与高度的行业集中化相结合以及高度的行业多元化和高度的市场多元化相结合。基于此提出新形势下中国企业应对经济全球化和市场分割性的战略选择模式,进一步讨论了选择不同战略的企业在未来环境变化中可能面临的机遇与挑战,为企业在新形势下做出恰当的战略选择指明方向。     

基于合法性视角的企业核心能力形成与演化

基于合法性视角构建了企业核心能力形成与演化的框架,以广东温氏为例加以检验和修订,得到了如下结论:中国转型经济情境下,企业合法性倾向选择在核心能力形成演化过程中扮演了关键角色,其直接决定了企业战略反应并通过企业战略反应影响核心能力的形成与演化;在多重制度压力下,企业倾向于整体上采用妥协性的合法性倾向选择;合作精神也是企业家精神不可分割的重要组成部分,在正式制度不健全的环境条件下,合作精神为主导的企业倾向于采用顺从程度更高的合法性倾向选择;从长期来看,企业前一阶段所形成的核心能力,对后一阶段的制度压力、企业家精神与企业合法性倾向选择具有重要影响.     

情境理论化:基于中国企业战略管理实践的探讨

中国企业管理学科的发展经历了"情境钝感"、"情境敏感"和"情境效应"3个阶段,情境理论化成为基于管理实践实现理论创新的突破口。为了有效推进情境理论化的研究,应该从环境、组织与人的交互作用和动态演化来理解企业所处的情境特点。在此基础上,以中国企业战略管理研究为例,分析了情境理论化的2个途径和4个方面的能力要求;提出以市场分割性为对象,研究市场分割性的情境效应,应该是实现中国情境理论化的一种有益的尝试。     

中国企业战略行为的解释:一个整合情境-企业特征的概念框架

单独从中国情境或企业特征出发,尚不能有效地解释中国企业战略行为,并为中国企业优化战略行为提供有效的理论指导。在研究国内外现有相关文献的基础上,整合情境特征与企业特征分析了其对战略行为影响的交互作用,提出了一个解释中国企业战略行为的概念框架。这个概念框架为基于中国情境的战略管理理论创新提供了指引,也为在现行经济体制下优化中国企业战略行为,特别是提升企业的国际竞争力提供理论指导。     

企业敏捷供应链管理研究

本文介绍了敏捷供应链概念的来源并探讨了在敏捷制造环境下的敏捷供应链,介绍了其内涵及特点、组织形式等,并从企业建立敏捷供应链的原因、条件等来提出如何建立它,并阐述企业如何保障供应链系统的敏捷性和分析敏捷供应链的竞争优势,最后用实例来说明其对企业发展的重要性。     

企业环境战略的形成机制:基于微观动力视角的分析框架

企业的环境价值取向和行为选择将直接决定一个国家的环境质量。依据企业内外部环境驱动力的作用层次,从绿色消费、环境规制、市场结构、内部驱动以及制度影响5个层面,提出了分析企业环境战略形成机制的框架体系和研究内容。在研究视角上,为体现企业环境战略和其他战略的协调统一性,应该将"绿色属性—传统属性"两维划分的企业产品作为基本的分析单元,在此基础上建立理论模型,揭示企业面临多重环境压力下的行为机理。     

组织变革中的战略风险控制——基于企业互联网转型的多案例研究

互联网转型是当前传统企业面临的重大组织变革,基于企业互联网转型的高风险和双重风险特征,本文通过4家企业的多案例研究,对企业互联网转型的战略风险识别与控制机制进行探讨。研究表明:企业互联网转型由突破组织惯性和形成新惯例两个阶段构成。前一阶段,企业面临的战略风险主要是模式、能力和资源的变异风险,企业通过组合变革、组合学习和组合重构形成风险控制机制,以降低突破组织惯性过程的风险;后一阶段,企业面临的战略风险主要是模式、能力和资源的适应风险,企业通过模式迭代匹配、能力迭代提升和资源迭代整合形成风险控制机制,以降低形成新惯例过程的风险。由此提出企业互联网转型的"组合—迭代"战略风险控制框架。这一研究一方面将战略风险引入到组织变革和组织惯性的讨论中,丰富了组织变革和组织惯性的研究视角;另一方面,通过对互联网转型情境下战略风险的探讨,拓展了战略风险领域对转型战略风险的讨论。研究结论对技术突变情境下的转型风险控制形成理论创新,对解决企业互联网转型面临的"转不好找死"的现实难题具有启示意义。     

The Impact of Competitive Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy on Business Performance: The Role of Environmental Uncertainty*

This article investigates the relationships among competitive strategy, supply chain strategy, and business performance while examining the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. A total of 604 questionnaires were collected from three cities in China, and the statistical results show significant moderating effects of external environment on the relationships among competitive strategy, supply chain strategy, and business performance. Firms that primarily focus on a differentiation strategy emphasize an agile supply chain strategy. Cost leaders are inclined to implement both lean and agile supply chain strategies, but their emphasis on agile strategy is significantly greater in a volatile environment than in a stable environment. The choice of supply chain strategy does not appear to be an “either‐or” decision and firms could adopt either a lean or an agile strategy, or both, depending on the environment. This article provides significant managerial implications for supply chain practitioners to co‐align supply chain strategy and competitive strategy with the environment to improve performance.     

Supply Chain Strategy,Product Characteristics,and Performance Impact: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturers*

Supply chain management has become one of the most popular approaches to enhance the global competitiveness of business corporations today. Firms must have clear strategic thinking in order to effectively organize such complicated activities, resources, communications, and processes. An emerging body of literature offers a framework that identifies three kinds of supply chain strategies: lean strategy, agile strategy, and lean/agile strategy based on in‐depth case studies. Extant research also suggests that supply chain strategies must be matched with product characteristics in order for firms to achieve better performance. This article investigates supply chain strategies and empirically tests the supply chain strategy model that posits lean, agile, and lean/agile approaches using data collected from 604 manufacturing firms in China. Cluster analyses of the data indicate that Chinese firms are adopting a variation of lean, agile, and lean/agile supply chain strategies identified in the western literature. However, the data reveal that some firms have a traditional strategy that does not emphasize either lean or agile principles. These firms perform worse than firms that have a strategy focused on lean, agile, or lean/agile supply chain. The strategies are examined with respect to product characteristics and financial and operational performance. The article makes significant contributions to the supply chain management literature by examining the supply chain strategies used by Chinese firms. In addition, this work empirically tests the applicability of supply chain strategy models that have not been rigorously tested empirically or in the fast‐growing Chinese economy.     

Response strategy to environment context factors using a lean and agile approach: Implications for firm performance

Based on the environment-strategy performance perspective and dynamic capabilities framework, we develop a theoretical model and hypotheses specifying how supply chain collaboration as a response to environment context factors – competitive intensity, supply uncertainty, technological turbulence and market turbulence, using a lean and agile strategy may influence firm performance. We test the model using partial least square structural equation modelling on data collected from a field survey with responses from 152 manufacturing firms representing a variety of industries. Empirical findings generally support the relationship between collaboration and firm performance using a lean and agile strategy. Also, for firms in industries that face environments characterised by high supply uncertainty and competitive intensity with, technological turbulence, the study finds evidence of a direct relationship between these environmental factors and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide an initial strategic response framework for appropriately aligning a lean and agile supply chain strategy through collaboration with environment context factors to achieve firm performance improvements.     

我国战略性新兴产业间供应链企业协同创新演化博弈研究

在新兴技术深度交叉融合的新模式下,供应链企业协同创新是加快产业链向高端化延伸的重要途径。本文基于战略性新兴产业的战略性和新兴性,考虑社会效应及市场风险收益因素,构建战略性新兴产业之间供应链企业的演化博弈模型,研究数据库营销成熟度在内的多种因素的影响,通过案例仿真进行验证并分析在市场机制失灵时,政府调控的作用效果。研究结果表明：数据库营销成熟度、协同创新产生的信息流和技术量、技术收益系数和社会效益系数以及损益障碍因子等因素对系统趋于协同创新方向演化具有正向作用;在市场机制失灵时,政府采取成本补贴的激励效果更加高效快速,成果奖励的驱动力更加持久,两种激励手段相结合的方式最优;中等程度的监管力度及低于搭便车收益程度的惩罚并不能保证企业间的公平竞争,高于阈值的惩罚力度才能够有效抑制搭便车收益与前景损益的负向影响,驱动系统向协同创新的方向演化,且惩罚力度越高,系统的收敛速度越快。     

敏捷供应链背景下企业合作关系对企业绩效的影响

现有理论文献认为,良好的企业合作关系能够提高企业绩效,但对于其作用效果和作用路径仍缺乏实证研究的支持.本文以重庆市的242家企业为研究样本,通过因子分析和结构方程模型研究了企业合作关系、敏捷供应链和企业绩效三者之间的关系,验证了企业合作关系对敏捷供应链效益、企业绩效水平具有显著的正向影响,而敏捷供应链效益可以很好地提高企业的绩效水平.     

制度环境、公司治理对企业竞争优势的影响研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

如何通过外部制度和内部制度的安排延续企业的竞争优势,是制度变迁背景下中国企业面临的核心问题.本文以2002年-2005年的中国上市公司为样本,基于国内地区差距,实证分析了制度环境和公司治理时企业竞争优势的影响.回归结果发现,政府支持市场化程度、经济法律环境水平、股权集中度、股权竞争度、董事会独立性、专业委员会设置程度以及股东参与决策程度与企业竞争优势显著正相关.研究结果表明,好的制度环境与有效的公司治理能提高企业的竞争优势;企业持续竞争优势的源泉应包含以政府为主体的宏观层次的制度竞争和以企业为主体的微观层次的公司治理竞争.     

Outsourcing to emerging markets: Theoretical perspectives and policy implications

Creating value through outsourcing has emerged as a popular competitive strategy for firms in various industries. In order to survive in the domestic and international marketplaces, firms, especially in developed countries, are seeking opportunities offshore, which is one focus of globalization. Offshore outsourcing has emerged as a popular competitive strategy and emerging markets have become increasingly attractive locations. As firms in developed countries (e.g., the US) continue to face enormous challenges to sustain competitive advantage, outsourcing to emerging markets is becoming an increasingly important source of business renewal and corporate transformation.In spite of the growing strategic significance of sourcing, we have limited knowledge of offshoring and outsourcing to emerging markets. The objectives of this review are fourfold: (1) to provide a better understanding of the concepts of offshoring and outsourcing business models, (2) to discuss relevant theoretical perspectives related to outsourcing, (3) to present a taxonomy of outsourcing strategies drawing on the extant literature, and (4) to discuss public policy implications. Conclusions and direction for future research are provided.     

产能过剩偏向性与环境污染——基于中介效应的检验

如何从矫正制度性缺失来破解我国环境污染较难根治且易于反复之谜是我国当前亟待解决的问题之一。本文尝试从行业和企业两个维度,基于中介效应模型,以产能过剩偏向性为视角来廓清中国环境污染治理之殇,并以顶层设计为抓手来明晰环境污染治理之道。研究发现:(1)产能过剩与环境污染的关系依赖于产能过剩在行业和企业维度上的偏向性,产能过剩是影响我国环境污染的重要原因,不同维度产能过剩的偏向性能够对环境污染产生较为显著的影响;(2)产能过剩偏向于污染密集型行业主要通过能源结构锁定效应和产业结构固化效应而加剧环境污染,产能过剩偏向于国有企业主要通过技术结构低端化效应而影响环境污染;(3)产能过剩偏向性作用于环境污染的路径不仅存在显著的市场化程度的调节效应,还存在着严重的区域异质性、水平异质性和阶段异质性。文章为推进制度变革、优化存量产能和有效治理环境污染提供了理论支持。     

Institutional voids and firms' resource commitment in emerging markets: A review and future research agenda

The impact of institutional environments on firms' strategic decisions has been examined in strategy and international business literature. Yet, the current state of knowledge about how institutional voids affect firms' resource commitment in emerging markets is equivocal. This paper reviews and develops an integrative framework that maps the key conceptualizations, theoretical frames, mechanisms, contingencies and outcomes in the institutional voids – resource commitment literature. Altogether, this paper structures institutional voids and resource commitment research into salient themes to help scholars scope the field and explore value-adding avenues to further our understanding of internationalization and resource commitment decisions in emerging markets.     

供需同时不确定关系型供应链契约设计与决策

在同时面临随机产出（random yield）和随机需求的供应链中,引入基于现实应用设计的具有声誉效用机制和信任机制的承诺契约,同时考虑紧急采购,建立多重不确定关系型供应链决策模型。分析该类型集中式供应链（CSC：centralized supply chain）和以Stackelberg博弈为基础的分散式供应链（DSC：decentralized supply chain）的最优供应、采购策略存在性及其条件,应用逆向推导法探讨供需双方的博弈过程;通过绝对和相对指标分析供应链及其成员的绩效;结合理论推导和数值试验对承诺契约参数、供应链及其成员最优策略和期望收益做关于供需不确定性、紧急采购价格的敏感性分析。