管理者情绪智力与领导有效性、晋升和离职的关系

以管理者为被试,运用管理者情绪智力行为问卷、卡特尔16因素个性问卷和CPM领导行为问卷,采取问卷和跟踪调查的数据收集方式,共收回124份有效自评管理者情绪智力行为问卷和卡特尔16因素个性问卷、1 179份有效他评管理者情绪智力行为问卷和CPM领导行为问卷以及124位管理者晋升和离职的数据,运用相关分析和回归分析等多种统计方法,探讨管理者情绪智力与领导有效性、晋升和离职的关系。研究结果表明,他评情绪智力与他评领导有效性显著相关,自评情绪智力与他评领导有效性不相关,自我意识正向调节自评情绪智力与他评领导有效性之间的关系,认知能力负向调节他评情绪智力与他评领导有效性的关系,他评情绪智力与晋升显著正相关,与离职显著负相关,他评情绪智力能预测工作相关变量,组织可以把情绪智力应用到管理实践。     

管理者情绪智力与绩效的关系:直接和中介效应研究

本文以管理者为样本,探讨了管理者情绪智力对绩效的直接和间接效应.研究一运用管理者自评数据(N=320),探讨了管理者情绪智力对主观绩效的直接效应,以及分别以领导能力和管理自我效能感为中介变量的间接效应.研究二以他评的管理者情绪智力为自变量,以关键绩效指标完成率为因变量(N=12),探讨了管理者情绪智力对客观绩效的直接效应.研究三运用825份他评问卷收集的管理者相关行为数据(N=65),探讨了管理者情绪智力对主观绩效的直接效应,及以领导能力为中介变量的间接效应.研究结果表明,管理者情绪智力对绩效有显著的正向影响,管理者情绪智力会通过领导能力与管理自我效能感部分中介作用于其主观绩效.最后,对研究结果及其启示进行了讨论.     

中国背景下管理者可信行为的结构及差异效应

基于行为动力特征视角,在梳理已有文献的基础上,提出管理者可信行为的概念.在89份开放式问卷、35名员工深度访谈、409名员工初测和464名员工正式施测基础上,编制和检验管理者可信行为问卷,使用编制的问卷对441名员工进行调查,以检验管理者可信行为对管理者认知信任和情感信任的差异性影响效应.使用SPSS11.5和LISREL9.30软件,采用探索性因素分析(N=409)、验证性因素分析(N=464)和结构方程建模(N=441)方法,对中国文化背景下管理者可信行为的结构模型及其影响效应进行检验.研究结果表明,管理者可信行为的结构包括正直行为、管理胜任行为、公正行为、指导行为和控制权分享5个维度,开发的管理者可信行为问卷具有良好的信度和效度;不同维度的管理者可信行为表现出差异性影响效应,公正行为对认知信任发展的作用最强,指导行为对情感信任的影响作用最大.     

情绪智力三维结构模型的验证与应用

以情绪智力三维结构模型为理论基础,编制了"企业员工情绪智力问卷";实证研究结果表明,三维结构在组织背景下具有科学性、合理性和实用性,"企业员工情绪智力问卷"具有较好的心理测量学指标;应用该问卷发现,企业员工的情绪智力随性别、年龄、学历和任职时间不同而存在显著性差异,并对差异性结果进行了探索性的分析与讨论.     

对服刑人员心理问题矫治研究

为了调查服刑人员的抑郁状况好应对方式，及相关影响因素，为教育改造服刑人员提供心理学依据，本文采用自编一般情况调查表、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、特质应对方式问卷对河南某监狱500例服刑人员进行评定。得出服刑人员中较多的人存在着抑郁情绪，文化轻度、抑郁状况对应方式有影响的结论。     

商业银行风险经理胜任力模型与层级结构研究

本文研究了国内商业银行的风险经理胜任力模型,利用团体焦点访谈法、关键行为事件访谈法,以及多元统计分析方法,对风险经理胜任力模型进行了深入研究。由18省市商业银行得到有效问卷778份,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,得出商业银行风险经理胜任力结构模型与层级结构。结果表明,风险经理胜任力模型由16个胜任特征构成调查印证、分析判断、风险意识和沟通内控等4大胜任力类群。     

管理者行为对矿工不安全行为的影响关系研究

矿工不安全行为主要受管理者行为的影响,将管理者行为分为设计行为和管理行为,在文献研究和对管理者进行调查分析的基础上,构建以矿工的安全知识和安全动机为中介变量、从管理者行为到矿工服从性行为和参与性行为的理论模型,运用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型对来自5个煤矿691份矿工的调查问卷进行分析,研究管理者的设计行为和管理行为对矿工不安全行为的影响作用.研究结果表明,管理者的管理行为对矿工的安全知识和安全动机都有显著影响,设计行为需要通过管理行为才能显著影响矿工的安全知识和安全动机;矿工的安全动机和安全知识分别显著影响其服从性行为和参与性行为.研究结论对管理者的矿工不安全行为管理工作具有理论参考价值.     

领导情绪智力对员工组织认同、组织公民行为影响的跨层分析

本文探讨了领导感知自我情绪智力、员工感知领导情绪智力与员工组织公民行为之间的跨层关系.并且在不同层次上讨论了领导情绪智力对员工组织认同、组织公民行为的影响,同时分析了领导情绪智力对组织公民行为的影响机制.研究通过对九家制造业企业的70个团队的领导与员工的问卷调查发现,领导感知自我情绪智力跨层调节员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为、组织认同之间的关系.且在单层模型与多层模型中,组织认同都是员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为之间的完全中介变量.当员工感知领导情绪智力大到某一范围时,领导感知自我情绪智力正向调节员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为之间的关系.而当员工感知领导情绪智力低于某一范围时,领导感知自我情绪智力反而负向调节这一关系.     

知识员工反生产行为的结构及测量

运用问卷调研方法,通过4项子研究,探讨中国知识员工反生产行为的结构及其测量。子研究1运用归纳法将知识员工反生产行为归纳为8大类、66小类;子研究2编制知识员工反生产行为问卷,并对采集的数据进行探索性因素分析,发现知识员工反生产行为包括失德行为、抵制行为、钻空子行为、消极服从行为、保守知识行为、撒谎行为6个维度;子研究3运用验证性因素分析方法对数据进行分析,发现六因素结构拟合度最佳,内部一致性系数分析以及与效标变量的相关系数分析表明知识员工反生产行为问卷具有良好的信度和效度;子研究4进一步对六因素结构模型的稳定性进行验证。研究结果表明,知识员工反生产行为问卷可以作为未来的基本研究工具,而且对知识型企业也具有参考和借鉴价值。     

师范生情绪智力与主观幸福感的调查研究

方法:运用EIS情绪智力量表和Camphell等人编制的幸福指数量表对廊坊师范学院的200名师范生进行问卷调查。结论:(1)目前师范生总体情绪智力和主观幸福感相对于总分都处于中上等水平。(2)师范生的情绪智力总分和自我情绪管理在年级和性别上有差异,在生源地上无显著差异,其他三个因子上无性别年级和生源地的差异。(3)师范生的主观幸福感总分和生活满意度在性别有显著差异,主观幸福感总分和总体情感指数在年级有显著差异,而在生源地上都无显著差异。(4)师范生情绪智力总分及情绪智力的四个因子与均主观幸福感总分和生活满意度之间有显著正相关;总体情感指数除了与情绪利用无相关外,与其他因子均有显著。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.