仪式展演与实践记忆——以一个布依族村寨的"送宁"仪式为例

铜鼓是布依族的神器礼器.布依族送、迎铜鼓的"送宁"仪式,在具体实践展演过程中,产生重大的社会一文化作用:一方面使民族文化在实践记忆中得以唤醒重现和传播继承,另一方面增强了族群的社会记忆和自我认同.实践记忆的情境性和在场性特点,在民族文化的保存再现和传承播布等方面都具有重要的文化意义.     

指示性与民族记忆：中华民族共同体视域中的符号建构

指示性作为符号认知的基本框架,能使符号与记忆、记忆与认同产生联结关系,因此,指示性不仅是民族记忆的基础,更是形成民族认同的作用机制。基于现实因素,民族记忆在不同的时期可能会发生流变,成为区别于历史文本或其他族群文化的全新记忆,因而具备积极建构的可能性。在指示性理论的框架下审视"龙"作为中华民族之共同记忆的符号再现,可发现,它不仅是各族群共有的与世界之关系的缘起锚定,也是跨民族的时间节气指命名与仪式的重要符号,可由此反思中华民族共同体视域中的符号建构应当如何达成。     

湖南:“非遗”保护迫在眉睫

“非物质文化遗产”这一概念,是联合国教科文组织为完善世界文化遗产的保护体系,作为与物质性、遗址性、建筑性文化遗产相对应、对称的概念而提出的。2005年5月,我国颁布了《国家级非物质文化遗产代表作申报评定暂行办法》,将非物质文化遗产定义为:各族人民世代相承的、与群众生活密切相关的各种传统文化表现形式(如民俗活动、表演艺术、传统知识和技能,以及与之相关的器具、实物、手工制品等)和文化空间(即定期举行传统文化活动或集中展现传统文化表现形式的场所,兼具空间性和时间性),其范围则包括:口头传统,包括作为文化载体的语言;传统表演艺术;民俗活动、礼仪、节庆;有关自然界和宇宙的民间传统知识和实践;传统手工艺技能;与上述表现形式相关的文化空间。这些要素互相关联,有机地存活于共同的社区或群体之中,构成非物质文化遗产的生命环链。其生成、传承到创新、演进的全部过程,显示出生生不息的深层生命运动和丰富久远的文化蕴涵。     

中华优秀传统文化记忆建构：内涵、价值及实践路径

中华优秀传统文化记忆建构是继承和弘扬传统文化、共同创造时代新文化、建设中华民族现代文明的应时之举。文化记忆理论为中华优秀传统文化记忆的目标指向、价值准则、实践依托提供了理论基础。通过发挥中华优秀传统文化记忆功能可以追溯中华民族独有的记忆图景,赋予中华优秀传统文化新的时代内涵,强化人们对中华民族大家庭成员的身份认同,不断凝聚中华民族伟大复兴的精神力量。目前,将搭建以经典文本为核心的内容框架、发挥以传统节日仪式为主导的宣教特效、建构特色场域为基点的文化回忆空间作为中华优秀传统文化记忆建构的具体实践路径,不断推进“两创”工作深入开展。     

科技馆在群众文化传播中的作用

科技馆是面向公众的重要的科学技术知识普及场所,越来越作为一种当代群众文化现象被大众接受,如近几年北京市的中考题与高考题,都以博物馆、科技馆的展陈内容作为出题方向,而老的中国科技馆也常被人称之为北京市的"城市记忆",所以它以其特殊的教育性、普及性、互动性、服务性、观赏性、社会性等特征,逐步成为群众文化的重要组成部分.加强科技场馆建设,充分发挥其重要作用,是当前实施科学文化普及,保持群众文化多样性,促进群众文化活动发展,推动社会主义文化繁荣的重要内容.     

试论安萨里的知识论——以《宗教学的复兴》为中心

安萨里的《宗教学的复兴》是一本重要的伊斯兰理论典籍,在伊斯兰历史上产生了极其重要的影响。安萨里在这本名著中从不同角度和层面对知识进行了分类和论证。他首先把知识分为"实践知识"和"境界知识",然后把"实践知识"分为外部知识和内部知识,外部知识和内部知识又各自衍生为两种,这样就形成了独具特色的几何体划分格局。他的知识论具有鲜明的原创性特点,极大地影响了后来穆斯林对知识结构的认知,为伊斯兰各学科的发展指明了方向,同时也为苏菲学的学科化和体系化奠定了理论基础。     

高校校园文化建设对策思考

创新校园文化建设的途径与方法有:一是充分发挥教师的指导作用;二是丰富好社团组织建设;三是培训校园文化活动骨干;四是大力开展社会实践活动;五是提高课堂教学的文化品位;六是加强校园网络文化的管理;七是加强"小群体"文化建设;八是加强校园文化建设理论研究.     

藏彝走廊中"藏回"的民族认同及其主体性——以云南省迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉县"藏回"为例

本文以生活在云南省迪庆藏族自治州的"藏回"为研究对象,运用人类学理论和方法,将民族认同放在具体的历史、政治和社会情景中来讨论,分析"藏回"身份认同的特点,挖掘、再现研究对象的主体性(subjectivity),挑战回族族源多元但认同一元的观点.本文将说明迪庆藏族与回族之间的族群界限是模糊的、流变的,他们表现出来的主体性和历史记忆是建构"藏回"身份认同的主要因素,文化实践只是"藏回"认同的一个表层依据.     

多媒体技术在情境教学中的作用

多媒体技术是建构主义学习理论中创设"情境"的最有效手段,把多媒体技术运用到教学中,可以创设接近实际的情境,有效地激发联想,唤醒长时记忆中有关的知识、经验或表象.     

遗产的社会建构：话语、叙事与记忆——“百年未有之大变局”下的遗产传承与传播

“百年未有之大变局”下遗产话语与实践正面临危机，基于历史学、民族学、社会学、符号学、文化学等梳理并构建跨学科理论逻辑体系，用社会建构的视角探讨我国遗产话语横向共时性的中西方平等对话、纵向历时性的文化符号表征与文化记忆的形成，提出“遗产社会建构框架”与“遗产共建共享：文化‘活态化’传承与传播的社会实践路径”，强调只有在对话与交流的基础上，以人为本、以文化为核心，对遗产文化符号进行“神圣化”“重复化”与“现时化”的阐释与展示，才能讲好中国传统文化故事，形成文化记忆，“活态化”传承与传播遗产文化，塑造民族文化自觉、文化自信与文化认同。     

Remembering Forbidden Memories: Community Theatre and the Politics of Memory

This article demonstrates how community theatre enables marginalized groups to re-member their forbidden memories and thus re-form their blocked cultural histories. I focus here on the Mizrahi group (Jews originating from Arab countries) in Israel and the way it appropriates community theatre as a tactic to articulate its own memories and history. In order to introduce community theatre as a particular alternative mnemonic practice within marginalized communities I present here together three alternative remembering systems: countermemory, community of memory, and performing history and show their connection to community theatre. I then analyse three community theatre productions which present community theatre as a popular form of performing history through which the Mizrahi actors produced a countermemory that contributed to the consolidation of their community into a community of memory.     

Exile from national identity: memory exclusion as political

Historiography and national memory are not social institutions that formed spontaneously, democratically or pluralistically, but rational projects featuring power relationships, shaped by actors promoting political interests through it and legitimizing their preferential social status and political dominance. The research follows the Israeli Labor Movement's attempts to present the statehood project and the war for independence as achievements owed solely to the Hagana (an underground organization affiliated to the labor movement on the eve of statehood). Insistent efforts distanced from national memory any mention of two other underground movements, affiliated with the rival Revisionist Movement, that after statehood became political Party. The article indicates the memory-screening strategies applied, illuminating the ruling party's conscious attempts to make the public memory and public historiography controllable resources and to exclude political rivals from the national pantheon. Also described is the establishment's meticulousness supervision of national historiography, including history textbooks and commemorative literature. The paper tracks failed attempts by marginalized groups to enter the public memory, and their subsequent launch of an ‘alternative memory arena’ competing with the establishment's memory.     

族群历史记忆的身体再现——红瑶身体装饰的文化表达研究之二

身体装饰是身体的文化表达的重要方式之一。一个特定群体的身体装饰的文化表达至少包含四个层面:社会身份标记、族群文化记忆的身体再现、个体情感和自我的经验表述、历史和身体政治的折射。就第二个层面而言,红瑶通过身体及其装饰行为表达对族群历史记忆的认同,并使之以身体实践的方式一代代地得以传承和"再现"。     

作为集体记忆与自我延续的物质文化研究——以滇越铁路为例

记忆并不都是为了认同,很多时候,记忆是人们借助于特定的事/物来呈现自我的方式,当承载记忆的物/事因为社会发展的原因逐渐退出历史舞台时,一方面会出现群体集体记忆的断裂与自我的流逝,另一方也会因为事/物的少而珍贵,出现自我的叠加,更有可能出现文化的再生产,来重塑集体记忆,延伸自我。本文以滇越铁路文物为例,分析边民社会如何伴随着铁路的生命史进行自我的存在、流逝与叠加,从而引导社会对物质文化生命的尊重。     

Alike but different: the understanding of rituals among Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus in Denmark

ABSTRACT

This article will discuss the meaning(s) of rituals among Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus in Denmark with special focus on the second generation. It will use Roy A. Rappaport's theory on ritual both as communication and as a basic social act, but it will also, in line with Jan Assmann and Hervieu Legér, understand the ritual as a storing place of collective memory. It will give a short outline of what can be called the institutionalisation but also the placemaking of the Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu tradition in Denmark, but the empirical focus will be on the chariot procession (Tēr), which attracts thousands of participants every year. The Tēr procession is an example of continuity and change. Continuity because the participants try to reproduce the ritual as they know it from Sri Lanka, however, changed so it fits into or communicates with the new setting.     

White Zimbabwean farmers’ unstable mobilities,identity and history in Douglas Rogers’ The last resort: a memoir of Zimbabwe

White displacement as a consequence of Zimbabwe's land reform programme resulted in white economic and social mobilities and the need to reconfigure identities and preserve white Zimbabwean farmers’ history and memory as reflected in Douglas Rogers’ The last resort: A memoir of Zimbabwe (2009). This dislocation provokes a fear of loss of memory and history in the white Zimbabwean community and therefore triggers a desire to preserve history and memory, which are central in identity formation. In addition, the preservation of history and memory acts as an important site for the contestation of the land reform programme, identity and belonging.     

记忆仪式沉浸化：共同体意识传播的情感动员

2019年国庆70周年群众游行情感动员的化境,指向共同体意识传播的心理化过程,"活动"与"时间"的结合赋予记忆空间以表达意义的角色,凸显了从"体验到沉浸"的叙事性转变。其中,诉诸情感、仪式设计和情感变压,折射情感动员"符号凝炼-内涵解释-交互联动"的"修辞结构",以互动仪式链的运作机制衔接相互关注与情感连带的修辞指向;时空情境创设与视听符号的综合运用,映射观念象征符和行为移置链交互作用的"沉浸结构",以符号所指的解码释义连接"凝缩"与"唤醒"的修辞实践;情感动员的价值感知、情感同化和接纳重构,投射共同体意识传播"情感-利益-价值"演绎的"认同结构",以沉浸空间的层级性演进链接自我建构与匹配性建构的修辞意蕴。     

无边界记忆--广西恭城平地瑶"盘王婆"祭仪变形

记忆的一个最基本的功能就是进行区分和认同。人类学视野中的“记忆”分为个人记忆和社会或集体记忆,其中“社会记忆”作为一种广泛和深远意义的社会现象,具有巨大的学术研究价值。本文通过对恭城平地瑶“盘王婆”祭仪的深入研究,揭示了“社会记忆”的人类学内涵。     

Shaping Holocaust memory in Greece: memorials and their public history

Despite the progress of memory studies worldwide, the central role of memory has rarely been a topic of interest in Greek historiography. The aim of this article is to reconstitute the spatiality of the Holocaust in the micro perspective of the sites of memory of Second World War in Greece. The “biographies” of these sites of memory reveal the complicated historical, political, and aesthetic axes on which Jewish memory is being constructed, a point that I find very interesting to highlight, as sites of memory always seem to have changing lives and many dimensions.     

Necronationalism: managing race,death and the nation's skeletons

This paper examines the construction of the Simon Wiesenthal Center ‘Museum of Tolerance (Jerusalem)’ over Mamilla Cemetery, one of the largest Muslim burial grounds in the region. Tracing the politics of death as exercised through the excavation of the cemetery, I consider how access to settler colonial memory is managed and renewed through the purging of Indigenous corporeality. Inspired by Achille Mbembe's sobering account of necropower, this paper conceptualizes power as a system of domination inscribed through the colonial management of deceased racial subjects and asks how we might understand systems of settler colonial power arranged through dehumanization of the already dead. I contend that the capacity to govern life after death is still firmly rooted in the reach of colonial power, and that by attending to the excavation and erasure of Mamilla Cemetery's deceased Palestinian subjects, we see a particular configuration of sovereignty defined through a calculus of absence. Identifying this practice of settler colonial nation building as ‘necronationalism’, I consider how power over life after death becomes the very terrain through which a nation is imagined.