和谐主题与和谐机制一致性关系的实证研究

和谐主题、和则、谐则是和谐管理理论的三个基本概念和构成要素.在变动环境中,围绕和谐主题的和则、谐则机制互动耦合、螺旋推进是和谐管理理论倡导的问题解决思路.本研究从和谐管理理论的三个基本假定出发,考察了和谐主题与和则、谐则机制及其绩效表现之间的关系,并通过来自112家企业数据的经验研究,验证了和谐主题与和谐机制之间存在着一致性匹配关系,而且这种匹配关系对绩效也有显著的影响.这一结论为和谐管理理论的深入研究奠定了基础,也为复杂多变环境下的管理问题求解提供了一定的指导作用.     

和谐管理理论的数理表述及主要科学问题

力图从基本假定到命题,对和谐管理理论给出一个量化分析框架,并对进一步的发展方向作出预示和展望.首先,通过总结已有的研究工作,界定了和谐这一基本的概念;然后,从企业家对和谐主题的搜索入手,根据企业战略实施的阶段性工作中面临的问题和任务,提炼并给出了辨析和谐主题的方法;最后,通过分析和则、谐则、和谐主题及其与组织、环境、领导和战略之间的一致性关系和动力学机制,得到了和谐管理理论发展和应用需要解决的几个基本问题.     

和谐管理理论的研究框架及主要研究工作

基于和谐管理理论的基本概念和假设,提出了和谐管理的基本函数关系、研究框架及相应的实证研究假设.组织、环境和领导特征的分析是和谐管理研究的起点,和谐主题的辨识、围绕和谐主题的和则、谐则及其耦合是和谐管理研究的重点.对和谐主题辨识,和则、谐则的理论和实证分析,和谐管理的耦合模型等研究工作进行了介绍,并对下一步面向应用方法和技术的研究进行了展望.     

基于自组织系统的企业和谐主题演化分析

组织和谐管理系统的构建,核心在于对组织和谐主题的认识。组织和谐主题是随组织内外部环境变化而不断演化的,根源在于不同情境下组织自适应体的认知差异,这是组织和谐主题演化的根本动因。在不同认知状态下的组织自适应体可以采取有效的行动来调整组织内部及组织与环境间的关系,实现组织和谐主题的演化,达成组织与环境动态适应的目标。和谐主题的演化就是组织自适应体不断进行自组织以达到和谐状态的过程。     

复杂快变环境下的整体性应变工具:和谐主题

和谐主题是和谐管理理论中用于应对现代组织管理复杂性、整体性及快速应变需求的核心概念之一。围绕复杂快变环境下组织如何进行整体性快速应变这一管理难题,对现有和谐主题相关研究进行了拓展。具体而言,首先对和谐主题的本质属性进行了深入分析,得出和谐主题在本质上体现为组织领导者对不确定情境的"意义"主张的研究结论。在此基础上,通过与其他组织要素的比较,系统阐释了和谐主题的功能特征,提出和谐主题是复杂快变环境下组织进行整体性快速应变的一种有效工具。最后,以知识理论为基础对和谐主题的辨识与表征过程进行了考察,从而从知识学视角揭示了这2个过程的内在机理。一方面从理论上丰富了战略管理领域的相关研究,另一方面也为新经济环境下的组织管理实践提供了参考与借鉴。     

和谐管理理论的实践性模型

和谐管理理论经过近20年的发展,其理论框架日臻完善。基于前人的研究成果,对和谐管理理论进行深入分析和思索,结合企业管理实践,提出和谐管理理论的实践性模型,包括和谐管理理论的总体实践性模型、和谐主题的辨识模型、环境和组织的关键问题检索清单、和谐主题形成过程模型、和谐主题或和谐状态的漂移模型以及双规则运用模型,为企业进行和谐管理实践提供帮助。     

和谐管理理论及其应用思考

激烈的组织生存竞争、复杂的组织管理问题都要求管理理论给出应对不确定性的、综合的、整体的策略,和谐管理理论应运而生.首先,介绍和谐管理理论的基本思想,即它是针对多变环境下复杂管理问题的解决学,它以"和谐主题"作为管理分析的基本出发点,以人与物的互动以及人与系统的自治性和能动性为前提,围绕"和谐主题",以"和则"与"谐则"的耦合互动来应对管理问题,提高组织绩效.其次,阐明理论的定位并探讨了理论的范式特征,进而提出了一种和谐管理理论的应用操作模式.最后,说明了和谐管理理论的现实应用价值在于提供一种宏观层次、动态发展的全局视野;促进对组织整体基于生成论哲学的复杂性思维;为解释复杂的管理现象提供操作意义上的规范模式;为复杂管理问题的处理提供系统的方法论体系和整合工具.     

组织演化的复杂性研究

组织演化研究是近年来组织理论关注的热点领域。其核心主题是组织对环境的“适应”和环境对组织的“选择”。本文将组织的适应过程分为了渐近式变革和不连续性变革两种方式,通过借鉴生物进化的适应度景观概念,采用NK模型分析了组织演化的复杂性规律和特征,探讨了组织演化的本质及有效的演化策略。     

复杂问题求解：和谐管理的大脑耦合模式

基于和谐管理理论的思想,借鉴脑科学的相关研究成果,对比分析脑功能原理与和谐的耦合机制,在规则系统的层面上初步描述和提出了和谐管理在复杂问题求解上的大脑耦合模式.该模式指出:和谐的耦合过程是一个和则与谐则围绕和谐主题在组织网络不同层级间相互作用的动态适应和演化的过程,而组织整体一致性的达成也正是"诱导演化"和"理性设计"在一定条件下相互耦合的结果.     

复杂多变环境下和谐管理理论与企业战略分析框架

针对当前环境复杂多变的特征,运用和谐管理理论阐述了战略分析的基本思路.在和谐管理理论看来,战略是企业在某个时期内相对稳定、具有全局影响的发展主题与和谐机制共同作用的结果,环境、组织与领导者构成了发展主题的决定因素,而和谐机制由和则、谐则共同构成,通过不确定性消减与优化两条路径及其交互作用,保证主题有效实现与不断调整.当环境、组织与领导者中某些因素发生重大变化时,将引起主题漂移,企业根据新的发展主题,选择建立新的和谐机制.     

Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change

During times of significant change to organizations in strategies and structures, employees can experience high levels of stress as their jobs, areas of responsibility and roles also change. Yet research is curiously silent about how people react to organizational change, especially towards promoting healthy responses to change. As a first step to outlining areas for future research this paper considers a range of individual and organizational strategies that may be effective in reducing employee stress and related problems. Prior to the implementation of these strategies, however, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change agent and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stress them. At the individual level, employees can respond to the stress created by organizational change by using problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Also important in coping with change are the personal resources of employees, including a sense of hardiness, beliefs about having control over their work environment, and the availability of social supports within and outside the organization. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees cope with change, there are a number of initiatives that organizations can pursue. Several strategies are discussed in relation to communication, leadership, job-related tasks and stress management programmes.     

Individual and organizational strategies for coping with organizational change

Abstract

During times of significant change to organizations in strategies and structures, employees can experience high levels of stress as their jobs, areas of responsibility and roles also change. Yet research is curiously silent about how people react to organizational change, especially towards promoting healthy responses to change. As a first step to outlining areas for future research this paper considers a range of individual and organizational strategies that may be effective in reducing employee stress and related problems. Prior to the implementation of these strategies, however, organizations must empower employees to adopt the role of change agent and encourage them to take action to solve the problems that stress them. At the individual level, employees can respond to the stress created by organizational change by using problem- and emotion-focused strategies. Also important in coping with change are the personal resources of employees, including a sense of hardiness, beliefs about having control over their work environment, and the availability of social supports within and outside the organization. Although few organizations fully acknowledge their role in helping employees cope with change, there are a number of initiatives that organizations can pursue. Several strategies are discussed in relation to communication, leadership, job-related tasks and stress management programmes.     

组织学习影响因素、学习能力与绩效关系的实证研究

回顾了国内外关于组织学习理论及组织学习与绩效关系方面的研究成果,基于中国201家企业调查数据,对采用定性方法提出的组织学习过程模型(6P-1B模型)进行了定量的实证研究.结果表明:6P-1B模型提出的7个方面的组织学习能力与组织绩效有紧密的正相关关系;各组织学习能力的机理要素与各组织学习能力之间有紧密的正相关关系;企业所感知的外界环境的变化程度不同、员工之间的目标正相关程度不同,使得企业在组织学习的机理要素方面的表现存在显著差异.这些研究结果对6P-1B模型的理论逻辑提供了一定的统计检验的支持,同时也给管理者提供了一些关于如何提高组织学习能力的方法和启示.     

Forecasting organizational changes

In this article the author argues that because of the difficulties associated with human behaviour such factors are frequently omitted from forecasts. Yet no organization can afford to disregard these factors if their forecasts are to be meaningful. The author includes illustrations of organizational change which he maintains will spread rapidly. Finally he discusses his own initial experiments in forecasting organizational change.     

Managing organizational conflict

This article suggests three ways to manage organizational conflicts. The first is the collaboration theory which maintains that people should air their differences and work for mutually satisfactory solutions. Collaboration requires that members of the organization be interdependent, capable of interacting candidly, and sufficiently committed to the organization to justify the time and energy required to develop and preserve mutually beneficial relationships. A second approach, the power play, is a method of handling organizational conflict which is diametrically opposed to collaboration. It is characterized by an adversary ethic and rational self-interest; the parties are involved in a win/lose situation. According to Derr, the power-play is the dominant conflict management strategy for those who seek autonomy and is best suited for idealogical disputes. Bargaining, the third technique, contains elements that overlap collaboration and power-play. Bargaining "trade-offs" are particularly useful in dealing with conditions of scarcity; this method is seen as economical in that it requires parties to meet only periodically to review the old contracts and to develop new contracts. The author concludes that there is no one best way to manage organizational conflicts and suggests that conflict management will require more extensive studies of the realities of power play.     

The influence of organizational identification on organizational knowledge management (KM)

Information technology (IT) outsourcing vendor organizations contain isolated business units whose creation and sustenance greatly facilitate business operations. But they also introduce important challenges for organizational knowledge management (KM). In this paper, based on 7 months of intensive field-work at India Inc., a leading Indian IT firm, we looked at how members’ identification with two organizations, their own and their client organization, influences their compliance with an organizational KM initiative. The findings show that members have difficulties in complying with the expectations of the organizational KM initiative owing to a stronger identification with their client organizations. At the same time, they comply readily with KM initiatives at the business unit level. The findings show that KM managers at India Inc. use the help of middle level managers in the business units in their efforts to improve members’ compliance with organizational KM. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed.     

Productive organizational energy mediates the impact of organizational structure on absorptive capacity

The ability of an organization to cope with radical technological change is regarded to be heavily dependent on its ability to absorb and apply knowledge from its environment. This study investigates the role of organizational structure in driving absorptive capacity and uncovers the role of the emergent phenomenon of organizational energy as the enabler of this relationship. A field study was conducted among firms that are challenged by the disruptive nature of Cloud computing. Our results show that organizational design affects the degree of mobilization of an organization's affective, cognitive and behavioral resources, which in turn influence the effectiveness of learning processes related to the absorption and exchange of knowledge within the organization. Furthermore, they reveal the positive relationship between the enactment of absorptive capacity and the successful adoption of Cloud technology for incumbent firms. The findings contribute to our understanding of the micro-foundations of absorptive capacity and how positive organizational phenomena facilitate effective adoption and implementation of emerging technologies.     

How organizational cognitive frames affect organizational capabilities: The context of corporate sustainability

We draw on the emerging literature on the micro-foundation of capability development to investigate the effects of the relative importance of corporate sustainability in a firm's organizational cognitive frame on the development of distinct organizational capabilities. Based on survey data from 124 Danish manufacturing firms and seven interviews, we find that the relative importance of corporate sustainability in a firm's organizational cognitive frame positively encourages the development of three organizational capabilities, namely, stakeholder integration, market sensing, and organizational learning. However, contrary to our expectation and reasoning, we find that the development of the strategic planning capability is negatively affected. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence and contribute to an improved understanding of the effect of a firm's organizational cognitive frame on the development of organizational capabilities.     

Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment: the moderating effect of organizational learning culture

This paper examines the influence of psychological empowerment on organizational commitment and the moderating effect of organizational learning culture on the relationship. The results suggest that psychological empowerment, organizational learning culture, and demographic variables had a significant impact on organizational commitment for employees in the public sector of Korea. Employees showed higher organizational commitment when they perceived high psychological empowerment and a high organizational learning culture. In addition, the moderating effect of organizational learning culture on the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment was found to be significant. Among the demographic variables, only educational level turned out to be significant. Finally, implications, limitations and research recommendations are discussed.