啸的起源——兼论语言的起源张应斌

人类的啸与动物的天籁近似,人类在前语言时期用啸进行交流,利用啸的生物语言特性狩猎,在啸的发生发展中蕴涵着丰富的文化人类学内容。     

我国十二生肖文化探源

十二生肖是一种颇具内涵的文化现象，在我国已有悠久的历史。其特点是以十二种动物配十二地支，以人之生年定所属动物。我国远古的图腾崇拜是十二生肖的滥觞，而干支的创制与中华民族的多元一体则是十二生肖形成的基础.     

论动物福利法的基本理念

“承认和维护动物福利,认可和维护动物的自然权利,尊重生命、善待动物、不虐待动物,保护动物福利也是保护人的利益,人与动物和谐相处,将科学精神与人文精神相结合”,这些是动物福利法的基本理念。动物福利法确认的是“动物的权利”,而不是“动物的人权”,更不是法律确认了动物是人。尊重生命是善待动物、不虐待动物的思想基础,不虐待动物是尊重生命的起码要求。科学精神是动物福利法的基础,人文精神是动物福利法的灵魂。只有形成并贯彻科学精神与人文精神相结合的理念,才能在一个汇集多种文明、多种主义、多种观念的多元化的当代社会,启动和推进动物福利立法。     

Making sense of the senses across species boundaries: designing the Animal Senses gallery at National Museums Scotland

As one of a suite of natural science galleries in the National Museum of Scotland, Animal Senses presents a comprehensive overview of how animals have evolved senses as they have adapted to different ecological niches in order to find food or avoid predation. Using different sensory channels, they also have evolved means of communication to attract mates, deter rivals, and remain hidden from predators and prey. Some of the most extraordinary examples of evolution are those which mimic the appearance of another unrelated species or some feature of the environment such as a thorn on a bush or a piece of coral. New taxidermy and models, engaging text presented hierarchically, and fun interactives were developed specifically for this gallery in order to present an up-to-date review of senses and communication. However, its real strength is the wide array of real specimens and life-size models which allow visitors to see what these animals really look like and how big they are, experiences which cannot be emulated by books or electronic media. By taking a thematic approach, we have created an unrivalled opportunity to compare animals from different taxonomic groups to see how they have solved the problems of life by evolving similar structures or completely different ones in order to find food, avoid being eaten, navigate, find mates and deceive rivals and predators.     

No place to go? Management of non-human animal overflows in Australia

I discuss overflows of several introduced vertebrate species in Australia and critically explore their construction as national pests – overflows - appropriate for management by lethal control. I outline the thanato-politics and thanato-economics of managing selected non-human animals by toxic baiting and/or viral infection in ecologies of toxicity and the trophic cascades which may ensue. Drawing on Foucault and Deleuze, I explore creative potentialities for conservation managers of thinking in terms of milieu and environnementalité; exploration of the conditions of possibility for non-human animals to live in their milieus, considering relationalities with elements such as habitat fragmentation, fire regimes, pesticide use and so on. This could form a biopolitics which relocates biopower to within the subject rather than a thanato-politics of overflow, surplus and death.     

元朝野生动物保护政策及其对旅游资源保护的启示

在中国历史上,元朝统治者比较懂得爱惜野生动物。在这种思想意识的支配下,他们制定了一套完整的保护野生动物的条例和法规,详细规定了狩猎和禁猎的时间、地点及捕猎野生动物的种类,并在实践中认真贯彻执行,使元朝的野生动物保护工作走上了法制轨道,取得了明显的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益。这一切对于今天的旅游资源开发与保护仍有借鉴意义。     

英美法的动物致害责任

动物致人损害是一种常见的侵权现象。其行为主体的特殊性决定了动物致害责任的归责原则和构成要件必然不同于一般的侵权责任。英美法系国家运用成文法与传统的普通法相结合的二元方法对动物侵权领域进行全面系统的规范,无论从内容上还是调整技术上讲都别具一格。文章对英美法上的动物致害责任,主要是危险动物责任,牲畜侵入责任以及动物侵权过失诉讼和妨害诉讼作了介绍与分析评价,并就如何完善我国的动物致害责任提出了建议。     

体感交互式拟人手臂机器人

针对目前人体动作同步机器人造价高,使用过程繁琐,需要穿戴多种传感器设备等缺点,设计并研制了一种不需 要穿戴传感器的人体手臂动作同步机器人。介绍了机器人的结构和系统组成,给出了Kinect读取和共享数据以及转换 为机械臂可用数据的方法,设计PID结合PWM脉宽调速的控制驱动模块,完成了机械臂控制系统的软件。结果表明该 人体动作同步机器人在未经培训的操作者指挥下,能够从不同初始位置完成人类肢体动作发出的指令,并且精度较高。 这一研究可为无传感器肢体交互智能机器人研制提供参考     

从动物名词在中英文化中引起的不同意象看文化移情

人类文化的多样性是研究跨文化交际的前提和基础,在跨文化交际实践中,通过文化移情这一中介,在不同的语言模式、文化模式和交际模式之间架起一座相互沟通和交流的桥梁,意义十分重要。某些动物名词在中英两种异质文化中会引发或相似、或不同的联想和文化意象,本文从这一视角论述文化移情在跨文化交际中的应用和适度原则。     

自然、技术与物种的可持续性 ——论《加拉帕戈斯群岛》的生态忧思

冯内古特的末世叙事小说《加拉帕戈斯群岛》巧妙地融合了现实与虚构的生态图景,以黑色幽默艺术风格与人文主义生存理念再现了当代西方政治经济体系下的生态模式。文章从人类对动物的利用与虐杀、资本对人类的辖制与人类的技术崇拜、人类社会多种因素引起的生命大规模毁灭等层面,反思西方社会20世纪下半叶生态恶化的多重根源;以动态的整体论的视角看待冯内古特的生态焦虑,指出人类与动物的跨物种联系、技科学(techno-science)对环境的影响以及生态环境的可持续性皆为人类未来存在与发展的关键因素。