Attitude strength moderates adverse effects to questionnaire design

ABSTRACT

The presentation and visual design of the “don’t know” category in rating scales on respondents’ behavior may have ambivalent effects. The hypothesis is that attitude strength toward the topic influences the respondents’ sensitivity to the graphical design of the scale. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire conducted among 307 German university students contained an experimental variation of the presentation of a “don’t know” category and its visual design. A multinomial logistic regression shows that presenting a “don’t know” category drives respondents toward extreme categories. The visual design of the “don’t know” category influences the distribution of responses, all the more that the respondents’ attitudes toward the item topic are weak.     

陆贾泥城纪念性公园再生意义研究(上)

陆贾是对岭南的文明开发卓有贡献的历史人物,两千年前留在岭南最重要的史迹遗址,是位于广州荔湾区西村的"泥城"。一处人文遗迹会给我们带来怎样的历史思考与未来取向?纪念性价值、社会性价值、教育性价值,是一切人文史迹共有的特征,"泥城"当然也不例外。以体现人物精神思想为中心,以人文史迹及其环境为物质载体,构建供人们瞻仰、缅怀、发思古之幽情,供人们休憩、审美、抚今追昔而探索更美好将来的公共园林,可是对古人、今人、未来者皆为美事的举措。     

中国民营企业家的伦理领导行为:内涵结构与量表开发

文章以中国民营企业家为研究对象，采用跨案例分析法探讨企业家伦理领导行为的内涵结构及特征，并在此基础上开发具有中国情境特点的民营企业家伦理领导行为量表。研究结果显示：受中国儒家伦理文化影响，中国民营企业家伦理领导行为包括"德性修养""集体动机"和"天下情怀"三个维度；企业家的伦理领导行为表现为"修己安人"的关系内涵，企业家自身不仅践行着较高的伦理道德标准，且将之扩展至对员工、组织行为的引导和规范；本研究开发的中国民营企业家伦理领导行为量表具有良好的信度和效度。文章丰富了西方伦理型领导理论和高阶理论研究，对中国本土企业家如何提高领导力有着重要启示。     

Women’s experiences of decision-making and attitudes in relation to induction of labour: A survey study

BackgroundRates of induction of labour have been increasing globally to up to one in three pregnancies in many high-income countries. Although guidelines around induction, and strength of the underlying evidence, vary considerably by indication, shared decision-making is increasingly recognised as key. The aim of this study was to identify women’s mode of birth preferences and experiences of shared decision-making for induction of labour.MethodAn antenatal survey of women booked for an induction at eight Sydney hospitals was conducted. A bespoke questionnaire was created assessing women’s demographics, indication for induction, pregnancy model of care, initial birth preferences, and their experience of the decision-making process.ResultsOf 189 survey respondents (58% nulliparous), major reported reasons for induction included prolonged pregnancy (38%), diabetes (25%), and suspected fetal growth restriction (8%). Most respondents (72%) had hoped to labour spontaneously. Major findings included 19% of women not feeling like they had a choice about induction of labour, 26% not feeling adequately informed (or uncertain if informed), 17% not being given alternatives, and 30% not receiving any written information on induction of labour. Qualitative responses highlight a desire of women to be more actively involved in decision-making.ConclusionA substantial minority of women did not feel adequately informed or prepared, and indicated they were not given alternatives to induction. Suggested improvements include for face-to-face discussions to be supplemented with written information, and for shared decision-making interventions, such as the introduction of decision aids and training, to be implemented and evaluated.     

Influence diagnostics for the structural sharpe model under normal/independent distributions

A method is proposed in this paper to assess the local influence of minor perturbations for the Sharpe model when the normal distribution is replaced by normal/independent (NI) distributions. The family of NI distributions is an attractive class of symmetric heavy-tailed densities that includes as special cases the normal, t-Student, slash, and the contaminated normal distributions. Since the returns of the market are not observable, the statistical analysis is carried out in the context of an errors-in-variables model. An influence analysis for detecting influential observations (atypical returns) is developed to investigate the sensitivity of the maximum likelihood estimators. Diagnostic measures are obtained based on the conditional expectation of the complete-data log-likelihood function. The results are illustrated by using a set of shares of companies traded in the Chilean stock market.     

大运河旅游资源现状及开发策略的思考--以扬州市为例

立足于运河申遗成功，分析了大运河沿线城市独特的旅游资源，探讨了开发运河旅游的市场前景。结合江苏扬州市开发运河旅游资源实际，提出了开创新型运河旅游产品、建设世界运河博物馆、塑造运河主题节庆品牌、培养新型专业导游等大运河旅游开发的策略。     

财产时效取得论──物权制度研究(二)

取得时效是民法物权制度的重要内容．探讨取得时效的价值功能、构成条件等理论问题,对建立和完善我国的取得时效制度具有重要意义．     

胡适“自叙传”说与20世纪红学

传统史学意义上的“自传”观念是胡适、顾颉刚、俞平伯、周汝昌等考证派学者进行《红楼梦》考证的基本信念。这种实录观念忽略了历史研究者的主体性和历史性,不恰当地把小说情节反过来当成历史考证的证据。而周绍良等的“二书合成”说将导致红学的转向,使红学突破机械的现实主义价值模式,从而关注于作家对意象的营造、主体性的呈现。     

邱华栋小说游荡者形象的精神生态及启示

邱华栋是新生代作家的一个重要代表,其小说中游荡者系列形象的塑造是作家试图以边缘化的审美生存为现代都市人在商品与技术的牢笼中重新唤回情感与个性的一个尝 试。游荡者们摆脱了生活必然性的限制,以审美的眼光悠游于都市,其生存挣扎及其价值追寻方式为我们探索新价值的重建提供了启示：边缘化为价值探索提供了合适的角度与场 所,游荡所表征的现代审美意识为在理性化都市中重构日常生活结构提供了一种可行性。     

习近平的传统文化观及其时代价值

习近平同志对传统文化的重视及其精彩论述促使中华大地兴起了传统文化研究和应用热潮。为解决当下关于传统文化的实践问题,有必要研究习近平同志的传统文化观及其践行场域,并探寻其时代价值。习近平同志认为,中华优秀传统文化是人类的重要文明成果,但也需要创造性地转化和创新性地发展,传统文化的运用也要与时俱进。同时,他也在治国理政、价值颂扬、国际交往等场域里践行这些传统文化观。习近平同志的传统文化观及其实践端正了人们的传统文化观,深化了马克思主义中国化的内涵,增强了国民的文化自信,也提升了中国的国际形象。