Some basic concepts of numerical treatment of Markov decision models

This survey reviews some results on numerical treatment of MARKOV Decision Models with respect to iV-stage-optimality, discounted optimality, and average optimality criteria. Especially, we deal with accelerated algorithms, approximation procedures and structured problems.

AMS 1980 subject classifications: 93C55, 90C40, 93D35     

On the Performance of Popular Unit-Root Tests Against Various Nonlinear Dynamic Models: A Simulation Study

ABSTRACT

There is a widespread perception that standard unit-root tests have poor discriminatory power when they are applied to time series with nonlinear dynamics. Via Monte Carlo simulations this study re-examines the finite sample properties of selected univariate tests for unit-root and stationarity under a broad class of nonlinear dynamic models. Our simulation experiments produce a couple of interesting findings. First, performance of tests is driven by the degree of underlying persistence rather than the nonlinear dynamics per se. Tests under study exhibit reasonable performance for nonlinear models with mild persistence, while the accuracy of inference deteriorates substantially when the models are highly persistent regardless of the linearity. Second, when it comes to deciding which one to identify first between linearity and stationarity, our results suggest to conduct linearity test first to enhance the reliability of test inference.     

Learning the Wealth of Nations

We study the evolution of market‐oriented policies over time and across countries. We consider a model in which own and neighbors' past experiences influence policy choices through their effect on policymakers' beliefs. We estimate the model using a large panel of countries and find that it fits a large fraction of the policy choices observed in the postwar data, including the slow adoption of liberal policies. Our model also predicts that there would be reversals to state intervention if nowadays the world was hit by a shock of the size of the Great Depression.     

文本类型与翻译策略

有史以来,人们对翻译的标准各执己见,争论不休,著名翻译理论家纽马克对文本类型进行划分,并相应地提出两种翻译方法,即语义翻译和交际翻译。本文对纽氏的理论和方法进行分析,以期对翻译策略的选择有所裨益。     

谈动态语境下跨文化交际能力的提高

文章采用韦索尔伦语用综观说中的顺应论来分析在跨文化交际中认知、社会和文化等复杂因素在使用语言和理解语言过程中的作用,从而阐明了跨文化交际的成功需要交际者动态地在语境和语言结构之间做出适切的选择。     

农村信访活动非秩序化之消极影响与对策

信访制度是在社会主义初级阶段民主法制尚不完善的背景下实现和维护公民民主政治权利的具体形式,但随着改革开放的深入,我国现行的信访制度已经出现了困境,尤其是农村信访活动中出现了越来越多的影响秩序的非正常上访现象.论文对农村非正常上访现象进行了专门的研究,对处置此类问题的工作方法进行了专门分析,对现行处理方法的合理性、存在问题及其与和谐社会的目标要求进行比对思考,进而提出了建立和维护良好的信访活动秩序的若干对策与建议.     

企业能力理论研究综述

企业能力理论作为近几十年来的理论研究热点受到关注,本文对企业能力理论研究进行了较为系统的理论梳理和阐释,并提出将企业能力理论分为四大流派,即资源基础论、核心能力论、知识基础论和动态能力论,其中资源基础论是企业能力理论研究的一个热点,动态能力论则是近些年企业能力理论研究的前沿。     

林业文献英译现状与对策研究

翻译的本质是译学研究的根本问题,许多有影响的翻译标准和定义已经明确揭示出:"忠实"、"对等"是翻译活动,特别是以客观性和准确性为基本特征的科技翻译的本质标准.分析林业文献翻译的现状:新词翻译望文生义、老词新意的翻译落后于时代、专业术语类别混淆不清及遗漏和拼写错误等现象极为严重,提出了相应对策,以促进中国林业文献翻译逐步走向规范化.     

商业广告的语用对等翻译研究

商业广告的普遍特征是其极力说服读者的语用意义。目前商业广告翻译中存在对广告语用含义的忽视。广告的翻译策略实质上对原文语用意义的正确理解和在目标语中的正确再现。     

与周开鑫先生商榷对奈达的“动态对等”论的评价

周开鑫先生认为奈达的翻译理论中存在明显的偏颇和不足,集中反映在其“动态对等”、“读者反应”、“翻译即交际”等新概念上。笔者认为,周先生对奈达理论的批评是不正确的;而他作如此站不住脚的批评的原因在于他没有真正理解奈达的著作。作者在本文中就周先生对奈达的“动态对等”理论的批评做了一些辩驳。