我国成人继续教育的发展走势及对策探讨

我国成人继续教育,经过近二十年的发展,已取得显著成就。上质量、上台阶,以质量求生存、求发展,乃是大势所趋。成教中存在的问题,一方面要靠整顿秩序,规范管理,建章立制来解决;另一方面,必须走制度创新之路,这是保持成教事业活力关键之所在。     

论我国加工贸易面临的主要问题及相应对策

加工贸易在我国随着改革开放的不断深入而逐渐发展壮大 ,当前加工贸易已成为我国对外贸易的重要组成部分 ,并已涉及我国绝大部分产业 ,在促进区域经济繁荣 ,推动利用外资 ,引进先进技术、设备和科学管理方法 ,增加出口创汇 ,解决劳动就业等方面发挥了重要作用。本文分析了我国加工贸易的现状以及加工贸易所带来的不利影响 ,在此基础上提出了改革我国加工贸易的政策选择。     

Brouwer不动点定理的证明

文章没有利用代数拓扑知识,而是利用点集拓扑知识证明了Brouwer不动点定理。     

Navigating infant feeding supports after migration: Perspectives of Arabic and Chinese mothers and health professionals in Australia

Optimal feeding practices can establish lifelong, transgenerational and global health benefits. Migration and cultural factors impact infant feeding practices and the support mothers receive for optimal infant feeding. This qualitative study explored support for infant feeding among Arabic and Chinese speaking migrant mothers in Australia.Semi-structured focus groups were conducted in language with 24 Arabic and 22 Chinese-Mandarin speaking migrant mothers with children under five years of age. Individual interviews were conducted in English with 20 health professionals working with Arabic or Chinese speaking migrant families. Data were thematically analysed using the framework method.Traditional family networks and trusted bi-cultural doctors were influential infant feeding supports for mothers. Health professionals perceived maternal and child health services to be poorly understood, and some mothers who accessed services felt they were not always culturally sensitive. Mothers sought additional information and support through online sources and peers. Both mothers and health professionals recognised the challenges of managing conflicting infant feeding advice and seeking best-practice support.The findings of this study highlight opportunities for health professionals to better support migrant mothers’ infant feeding practices, for example through engaging families and working with doctors. There is a need for greater cultural sensitivity within maternal and child health services and culturally relevant programs to support healthy infant feeding practices among migrant communities.     

Probiotics and human lactational mastitis: A scoping review

ProblemLactational mastitis is a common condition amongst breastfeeding women. It is associated with decreased breastfeeding rates and often treated with antibiotics.BackgroundThe anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics have been identified as a potential treatment or prevention strategy for lactational mastitis leading to increased commercial and public interest. Despite the marketing of probiotics to women, evidence is still emerging as to its efficacy.Aim/MethodsThis scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to identify and examine the evidence around probiotic consumption and lactational mastitis. The review addressed the question; what is the evidence regarding probiotic consumption and human lactational mastitis? Studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for randomised control trials (RCTs).FindingsFive RCTs met the inclusion criteria; three concerned probiotic consumption for the treatment of mastitis, two for the prevention of mastitis. All reported a lower incidence of mastitis in the probiotic groups.DiscussionAlthough potentially promising results were reported across all studies there were significant methodological limitations concerning; appropriately described baseline characteristics, study hypotheses, lack of power calculations, definitional issues, and potential conflicts of interest.ConclusionProbiotics may have utility for the treatment or prevention of lactational mastitis. However only a few studies with significant limitations have been published to date. Well designed and conducted studies are needed before evidence-based recommendations can be made for use of probiotics in the treatment or prevention of lactational mastitis.     

汉语增量语词的强调标记化

基于语用和语言的互动关联,语用上的强调可能会渗入语言而成为语言自身的构成部分,语言会用某些显性语法形式标志被强调成分并使其范畴化。意义制约着汉语语词的历时流向,其主要表现之一是有相同或相似语义特征的语词往往会呈现为相同或相似的演变趋势。汉语的增量语词有通过语法隐喻、从其他认知域投射到言域中演变为强调标记的可能。这可通过增量语词的基本类型,如持续量语词、延及类语词、复加类语词的某些演变范例给以说明及解释。汉语的虚化成分并不单纯,从增量语词演变来的诸强调标记既有作用上的相似性,也有价值上的对立性,造成对立的主要原因是诸强调标记从它们的源词那里继承了某些特征,并且可能演变出了新特征。     

时变风险厌恶下的期权定价——基于上证50ETF期权的实证研究

传统的随机波动率（SV）期权定价是在投资者具有常数风险偏好假设下进行的.但近年来越来越多的研究表明，市场参与者具有时变风险厌恶特征.基于此，本文对时变风险厌恶条件下的期权定价问题进行深入研究.首先，对传统的（非仿射）常数风险厌恶SV（CRA-SV）期权定价模型进行扩展，构建时变风险厌恶SV（TVRA-SV）期权定价模型对期权进行定价，并分析时变风险厌恶对期权价格的影响；其次，采用标的资产与期权数据信息，建立基于连续粒子滤波的极大似然估计方法，对定价模型的客观与风险中性参数进行联合估计；最后，采用我国期权市场上的上证50ETF期权数据，对构建的定价模型进行实证检验.结果表明：TVRA-SV期权定价模型相比传统的CRA-SV期权定价模型具有更好的数据拟合效果，能够更充分地刻画标的上证50ETF收益率在客观与风险中性测度下的波动性；TVRA-SV期权定价模型相比传统的Black-Scholes（B-S）期权定价模型和CRA-SV期权定价模型都具有明显更高的定价精确性。     

Matching a correlation coefficient by a Gaussian copula

A Gaussian copula is widely used to define correlated random variables. To obtain a prescribed Pearson correlation coefficient of ρ_x between two random variables with given marginal distributions, the correlation coefficient ρ_z between two standard normal variables in the copula must take a specific value which satisfies an integral equation that links ρ_x to ρ_z. In a few cases, this equation has an explicit solution, but in other cases it must be solved numerically. This paper attempts to address this issue. If two continuous random variables are involved, the marginal transformation is approximated by a weighted sum of Hermite polynomials; via Mehler’s formula, a polynomial of ρ_z is derived to approximate the function relationship between ρ_x and ρ_z. If a discrete variable is involved, the marginal transformation is decomposed into piecewise continuous ones, and ρ_x is expressed as a polynomial of ρ_z by Taylor expansion. For a given ρ_x, ρ_z can be efficiently determined by solving a polynomial equation.     

Making Milk and Money: Contemporary Mothers' Orientations to Breastfeeding and Work

In most Western industrial nations, gains have been made in women's educational and occupational opportunities as part of a larger gender revolution. At the same time, contemporary mothering expectations have expanded and intensified, especially the renewed focus on breastfeeding as the “optimal” choice for infant feeding. How do women perceive the simultaneous pursuit of these activities? Prior scholarship has identified tensions in cultural models of breastfeeding as well as in women's subjective experiences, emphasizing how breastfeeding is shaped and encountered through sociocultural context, especially ideologies that position work and mothering as incompatible. Building on this, I examine how the current generation of working mothers view working and breastfeeding. Through in‐depth interviews with 32 U.S. women, I show how women espouse distinctly different orientations to breastfeeding: instrumentalist, quasi‐maternalist, and pragmatist. I argue that these different orientations both reflect and reframe existing cultural models and discourses about contemporary women's relationships to work, mothering, and breastfeeding.     

生长獭兔和肉兔的饲喂方式、采食量及其效果比较试验

对生长獭兔和两个品种肉兔的饲喂采用以青饲料为主，适当补充精料，相间定时饲喂，自由饮水的方式，结果加州肉兔的幼兔和青年免比同期獭兔多采食青料25％～33．3％，生长速度分别比獭兔提高18．5％和20．4％；齐卡肉兔的初生重明显高于獭兔，产仔数明显低于獭兔，35日龄断奶成活率稍高于獭兔，幼兔日增重比獭兔提高17．6％。