Consistent Tests for Stochastic Dominance

Methods are proposed for testing stochastic dominance of any pre–specified order, with primary interest in the distributions of income. We consider consistent tests, that are similar to Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, of the complete set of restrictions that relate to the various forms of stochastic dominance. For such tests, in the case of tests for stochastic dominance beyond first order, we propose and justify a variety of approaches to inference based on simulation and the bootstrap. We compare these approaches to one another and to alternative approaches based on multiple comparisons in the context of a Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical example.     

The Theory of Global Games on Test: Experimental Analysis of Coordination Games with Public and Private Information

The theory of global games has shown that coordination games with multiple equilibria may have a unique equilibrium if certain parameters of the payoff function are private information instead of common knowledge. We report the results of an experiment designed to test the predictions of this theory. Comparing sessions with common and private information, we observe only small differences in behavior. For common information, subjects coordinate on threshold strategies that deviate from the global game solution towards the payoff‐dominant equilibrium. For private information, thresholds are closer to the global game solution than for common information. Variations in the payoff function affect behavior as predicted by comparative statics of the global game solution. Predictability of coordination points is about the same for both information conditions.     

Social Dominance in Romantic Relationships: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Non-verbal Processes

The study of social dominance has a long tradition within the peer relationships literature, but rarely has the topic been investigated observationally and longitudinally within other salient close relationships. The present study investigated the role of experiences in social relationships and adjustment indices in childhood in predicting later observed non‐verbal social dominance behaviors in the context of romantic relationships in emerging adults. Analyses from a subsample (N = 70) from a 29‐year prospective longitudinal study revealed links between early peer behavior and subsequent romantic relationship interactions for men and women. Non‐verbal social dominance behaviors were concurrently associated with poor romantic relationship quality, conflict, and physical and verbal aggression within the dyad. Both childhood externalizing and internalizing behaviors significantly predicted non‐verbal social dominance behaviors in the romantic partner interactions.     

郎德苗寨社区主导旅游发展中的个人理性与集体行动的困境

贵州郎德苗寨社区主导型旅游发展模式的形成是当地社区基于我国社区参与旅游发展实践而作出的理性选择的结果。然而，该模式下个体理性行为的非合作博弈和民族社区传统社会规范的失效，导致社区居民对集体公共利益的漠视，造成了集体效率的损失。因此，加强社区组织建设，引入外来利益主体，选择合理的发展模式并对现有制度进行调整，有利于解决郎德苗寨社区旅游发展中的“搭便车”问题，使个人理性逐步走向集体理性。     

由"支配地位"到"严重阻碍有效竞争"——欧盟企业合并控制法的实体标准改革评析

欧盟企业合并控制法的实体标准担负着判断企业合并是否限制相关市场中有效竞争的任务,是该法的重要组成部分.在1989年通过的4064/89号条例中,欧盟实行的是支配地位标准.但是,由于在实践中存在着缺口等问题,欧盟于2003年通过了139/2004号条例,采纳了严重阻碍有效竞争标准(significant impediment to effective competition, SIEC),达到了克服支配地位标准缺陷的目的.     

Generating Ordered Families of Lorenz Curves by Strongly Unimodal Distributions

From any strongly unimodal density on the real line, it is possible to generate a one-parameter family of Lorenz curves. The resulting families of Lorenz curves are Lorenz ordered with respect to the indexing parameter. Symmetry of the unimodal density results in the generation of symmetric Lorenz curves. A related characterization of the normal distribution is presented.     

Improved estimation of the mean vector for student-t model

Improved James-Stein type estimation of the mean vector μ of a multovaroate Student-t population of dimension p with ν degrees of freedom is considered. In addition to the sample data, uncertain prior information on the value of the mean vector, in the form of a null hypothesis, is used for the estiamtion. The usual maximum liklihood estimator((mle) of μ is obtained and a test statistic for testing H₀:μ=μ₀ is derived. Based on the mle of μ and the tes statistic the preliminary test estimator (PTE), Stein-type shrinkage estimator (SE) and positive-rule shrinkage esiimator (PRSE) are defined. The bias and the quadratic risk of the estimators are evaiuated. The relative performances of the estimators are mvestigated by analyzing the risks under different condltlons It is observed that the FRSE dommates over he other three estimators, regardless of the vaiidity of the null hypothesis and the value ν.     

STABILITY IN QUEUES WITH IMPATIENT CUSTOMERS

This paper deals with GI/G/1 queueing systems with impatient customers that have individual deadlines until their beginning of service. The impatience law depends on the number of waiting customers and on the elapsed service time of the customer in service. An exhaustive analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the model, combining ideas of stochastic dominance of well–known processes and some properties of models with finite capacity, is provided. We prove that the model is ergodic, null recurrent or transient if the corresponding traffic parameter in a simple associated model is respectively lower than, equal to, or greater than one.     

显性还是隐性：担保条件地位谈－诉前保全制度扣保条件研究

我国立法规定以提供担保作为申请诉前保全的显性必要条件,这造成实践中诉前保全应用较少,一些经济困难的当事人合法权益难以保护,笔者试从诉前保全的立法目的和制度分析入手,比较外国相关制度,质疑其担保条件的显性地位,并进而重塑诉前保制度的申请条件,恢复担保条件隐性地位.     

Validity evidence of the Portuguese adaptation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory / Evidencias de validez de la adaptación portuguesa de la Escala de Sexismo Ambivalente

Abstract

Modern forms of sexism have promoted the development of new scales and evaluation tools. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) (Glick & Fiske, 1996) aims to assess sexism along two dimensions: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. The aim of this study is to present evidence of the validity of the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the ASI by analysing its structure and its relationships with neosexism and social dominance. The sample consisted of 446 Portuguese participants (68.6% female) between 17 and 77 years old. Results confirmed the two-factor structure; however, the best fit was registered with a four-factor structure: one hostile factor and three benevolent factors. Both hostile and benevolent sexism were correlated with neosexism and social dominance orientation. Future research should explore the dimensionality of the scale based on a four-dimension structure and its relationship to others sexism issues.