清代民国时期移民山区的"招夫养夫"婚俗试探

清代民国时期,"招夫养夫"这一独特婚俗在全国有7省21县的流行范围,其中以陕鄂交界的秦巴山区最为普遍."招夫养夫"婚俗区在地理分布上与移民区相重叠,证明移民运动是导致婚姻突变的重要因素.移民引起文化情景多元化和传统道德约束松弛,使得这种倒退了的婚姻形式能够为社会所容忍.移民造成的男女比例失调、移民山区易于发生的地方病及移民山区的闭塞环境,客观上又为其提供了土壤和保护.     

清末民初上海臭风潮中的利益博弈

清末民初,上海发生了一系列臭风潮,其根源在于上海城市公共卫生管理改革带来的利益结构的调整与变化。粪夫、粪头、清洁所承包人、市政当局等围绕粪秽利益的分配产生了激烈的矛盾,农民、粪夫要求维持生计,粪头与清洁所承包商追逐粪秽利润,市政当局占用清洁费。各方对城市公共卫生治理的改革不能达成共识,上海市政当局很难妥善处理各方利益诉求。粪秽之争阻碍了城市公共卫生管理改革的顺利推进。     

侠客形象的终结——韦小宝

韦小宝作为金庸先生封笔之作的主人公,历来受到诸多的非议。有人认为他不符合侠的形象,有人干脆把他当做是＂反侠＂的代表。实际上,韦小宝这一人物特征的独特性,在于他代表着金庸对＂侠客＂这一形象在一定程度上的＂否定＂,使得＂侠客＂话语终结。     

宋蒙战争与易代之际宋诗的诗史书写

宋蒙战争是一场关乎南宋最终命运走向的战争,宋末诗家心系时局,以诗为史,反映战事进展。局部战争时期,李曾伯、魏了翁等人在诗中表达对川蜀局势的关切。蒙古分三路正式进攻南宋后,王同祖在金陵幕中以诗专记战时应对之策与襄樊、江淮战事,补充了正史之外的细节。钓鱼城大捷后,刘克庄等人除以诗相庆外,还对战局的走向充满忧思。至襄樊战败,诗家对贾似道误国一事进行了激烈谴责,并痛心宋廷无人堪用、无计可施的可悲现实。至全面决战、临安陷落前后,宋人面对家国遽变,其诗作又有多重心态的呈现。     

Comfort with discussions about death,religiosity, and attitudes about end‐of‐life care

In end‐of‐life (EOL) care research, death anxiety and religiosity are often overlooked. Terror management theory (TMT) may provide a useful conceptual model with which to examine how comfort discussing death and religiosity influence attitudes related to EOL care. A telephone‐based survey was conducted among community‐dwelling adults in the Unites States. Via random sampling, with over‐sampling of Hispanics/African Americans, 123 completed survey interviews (response rate = 46%) were analyzed. Respondents were more likely to have better attitudes toward EOL care if they were older or white, religiously active, and comfortable with the subject of death. Religiosity and comfort discussing death were correlated with each other and remained significant predictors of attitudes about EOL care even without demographic covariates. Findings suggest that promoting an open dialogue about mortality may improve attitudes about EOL care and utilization of palliative care services. The study also provides evidence about the utility and applicability of TMT for EOL care.     

Understanding parental leave experiences: connecting the dots with a multiple-methods approach

ABSTRACT

This research note draws selected findings from a multiple-methods study conducted in partnership with a large public-sector employer in Portland, OR to describe the added value of this approach for research translation. We focus on how our study of a newly implemented paid parental leave policy can translate to actionable steps for two important end-users: employers and policymakers. Using administrative records (N?=?579), a countywide employee survey (N?=?137 leave-takers) and focus groups (N?=?35), we describe how each data source contributes important and unique information about how the policy’s implementation affected diverse employees. We find gender differences in how employees changed leave-taking in response to the policy, and describe the critical but nuanced role that supervisors play. Working with employers and policymakers to develop and implement thoughtful policies will help to ensure equitable distribution of the benefits of paid leave policies.     

理性的“理论活动” 高于“实践活动”———论亚里士多德伦理学的“幸福观”

作为最高之善,幸福就是灵魂合乎德性（美德） 的生活。这是亚里士多德幸福观的一个基本观点,但并不是其幸福观的独特之处。其灵魂学说,特别是其中关于“理性” 划分为“理性本身”与“在欲求力里的理性”或“被欲求力分有的理性”,不仅构成了亚里士多德幸福理论的基础,而且也构成了其幸福学说的特别之处。通过这个区分,亚里士多德找到了成就“伦理德性” 的基础,同时也确定了理性本身的活动也即“纯粹理论活动”之所以高于理性的“实践活动” 的理由。因而,虽然合乎伦理德性的生活是幸福的,但却只是“次级的幸福”,只有合乎理智德性的生活才是真正最高的幸福。这种生活一方面是合乎神性的生活,另一方面又是成就每个人真正自己的生活。这意味着,在亚里士多德那里,幸福并非只关乎人性,亦关乎神性。     

泛政治化文化的终结

建立并完善社会主义市场经济体制,是前无古人的伟大创举。这一创举真正动摇了我国几千年传统负向政治文化赖以生成的根基,尤为重要的是,它使我国从根本上摆脱了那种几乎深入民族骨髓的泛政治化文化。泛政治化文化的终结是改革开放以来我国在政治文化领域的重大建设成就之一,也正是从这一角度考虑,十六大报告所提出的与时俱进、通过制度创新推动文化创新的观点具有重大意义。     

冷战结束前印度和中亚关系的历史变迁

印度一直把中亚看作是自己＂延伸的邻国＂,两个地区从远古到现代在政治、经济和文化等方面都存在着诸多联系。文章试图从古代、中世纪、近代及冷战期间四个阶段论述两个地区间的交往和联系,以期为我们在新形势下解读崛起的印度同中亚地区的关系提供宝贵的历史经验和借鉴。     

自治与绅治——以清末宁波地区的乡约为中心

成文乡约兴起于宋代蓝田,本为民间教化组织。清末宁波地区乡约的大规模兴办源于当地官员出于维护治安和筹办地方自治的需要以及当地绅士的积极配合。宁波地区的乡约在组织结构上具有分权制衡的特点,从职能上看近似于基层政权。乡约的举办使宁波地区绅士全面渗入到地方政治领域,为其进一步扩大影响打下了基础。