An examination of gender difference in advancement and salary for Marriage and Family Therapy faculty members working in public universities

Evidence for inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women in academia is compelling, but only a marginal amount of research has explored this in the field of Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) specifically. Current research provides preliminary evidence that women remain underrepresented at the Full Professor rank and are paid less than men MFT faculty. This study collected publicly available data for MFT faculty in public universities to explore gender differences in advancement between ranks, salary disparity, and the representation of women and men in the highest and lowest paying niches of MFT academia. Results showed that, despite being 60.15% of MFTs in public universities, women were paid an average of $5596.25 less than men. Men were 1.40 times more likely than women to be promoted to Full Professor on time—within 13 years of their terminal degree. Implications for addressing inequitable advancement and salary disparity for women MFT faculty are discussed.     

Fed's monetary policy mistake and the US post-COVID economic recovery

This paper argues that the persistent inflation in the U.S. during the post-COVID economic recovery was mainly the result of the Fed’s policy mistake caused by an overestimation of the negative output gap. The paper shows that after a two-quarter contraction, the U.S. economy quickly rebounded and outpaced its potential output, thus remaining in overheating territory. However, policymakers prolonged the monetary expansion beyond the necessary, which contributed to fuel inflation for a more prolonged time. The policy mistake was the result of an inaccurate estimation of potential output. Based on an alternative estimation that uses full employment as a condition, this paper shows that the U.S. economy has been running with a positive output gap since mid-2021. The results illustrate that the Federal Reserve was well-behind the curve in an economy in overexpansion and with a galloping inflation escalating well-above the target.     

Gender inequality in the one percent: A look under the hood of high incomes in Germany

Gender differences in economic outcomes are important topics in social science research. However, the study of gender differences among economic elites—“the top one percent”—has received surprisingly little attention, likely also due to a lack of empirical data. This paper investigates gender differences in individual and household income among the top one percent of individual monthly net incomes and top two percent of net household incomes using data from the German Microcensus from 2006 to 2016 covering more than 3.3 million individuals. I find that women account for only around 14% of the one percent in individual incomes. Additionally, regarding the household level, women's incomes are sufficient to achieve two percent status in fewer than 10% of all households. Both numbers did hardly change over the decade from 2006 to 2016. Furthermore, women's pathways to belonging to a high-income household are far more dependent on their partner's education and employment status than men's. Overall, the findings thus show dramatic gender differences among the German economic elite that do not narrow over time.     

Longevity of EU membership and VAT practices: Dependencies,Contradictions And Implications

The research aimed to analyze the influence of the standard VAT rate and the number of existing rates on the efficiency of VAT collection in the old and new member states of the European Union. The Student's t-test was applied to assess the significance of the model coefficients. P-values< 0.05 provide evidence that the parameter under test is significant. The study's conclusion is that a tax system containing a small number of reduced VAT rates and one relatively low standard rate of this tax is a system that will be less exposed to danger from unscrupulous entities practicing tax fraud.     

“个人戒律”之我见

通过对“个人戒律”的分析，阐述了“个人戒律”的重要性，旨在让足球运动员了解足球竞赛日趋激烈，对抗性日趋增强，对队员的身体素质也提出了更高的要求，为适应现代足球的竞技特点，就必须遵循“个人戒律”。     

促进农村低收入人口增收的政策取向

促进农村低收入人口增收是推进共同富裕的重中之重。当前,农村低收入人口的基数比较大且收入水平低,农村居民内部的收入差距还在进一步扩大。农村低收入人口的经营净收入存在下降趋势,工资性收入占比最高但增长不稳定,转移净收入占比同样较高但增长空间有限。促进农村低收入人口稳定增收,要建立惠及低收入人口的乡村产业体系,强化就业帮扶和人力资本建设,深化农村改革,推进农村资产的资本化运作,健全社会保障制度,提高兜底保障水平,改善欠发达农村的基础设施和公共服务,创造良好的增收环境。     

绩效期望落差如何影响企业现金股利分配

绩效期望落差影响管理者的搜索动机和冒险能力，进而会改变企业的行为决策。选取2008—2019年中国A股上市公司作为研究样本，检验了绩效期望落差对现金股利分配的影响。研究发现，企业绩效期望落差与现金股利分配之间存在着“U”型关系，环境不确定性对两者之间的关系起到了显著的负向调节作用。进一步研究表明，企业在绩效期望落差较大时仍进行大额现金分红主要是出于降低企业的股权融资难度和留住现有投资者的目的；绩效期望落差与现金股利分配之间的“U”型关系在高盈利能力、拥有较多稳定型机构投资者的企业中更加显著。因此，监管部门应加强对再融资制度的规范，增强对异常派现企业的监管，并积极引导投资者与企业之间的双向沟通；企业应注重增强自身发展韧性，及时根据内外部环境变化和绩效期望落差水平进行必要的战略调整。     

Overcoming barriers to knowledge co-production in academic–practitioner research collaboration

Knowledge co-production involving collaborating academics and practitioners is a recognized vehicle for stimulating innovation. However, co-production is hampered by a number of significant barriers, including structural differences between the partners, the mismanagement of conflict, and a traditional outlook on knowledge. We explore academic-practitioner research collaborations to document the specific practices allowing collaborators to address co-production barriers. The primary data for this study were collected from semi-structured interviews with academics and practitioners working on 24 Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage projects. The main contribution of this investigation is the identification of ‘academic cultivation’ in overcoming barriers to knowledge co-production. Academic cultivation denotes a situation where practitioner behavior designed to overcome one or other of the co-production barriers is prompted through prior actions by the academic.     

The North-South divide: Sources of divergence,policies for convergence

Building on the labour-augmented K+S model framework, we analyse the Italian North-South divide by means of an agent-based model (ABM) endogenously reproducing the divergence between two artificial macro-regions. The latter are characterised by identical initial conditions in terms of productive and innovation structures, but different labour market organisations. We identify the role played by these different arrangements on the possible divergence across the two regions. We found that divergences in the labour market reverberate into asymmetric productive performance due to negative reinforcing feedback loop dynamics. We then compare alternative mitigation policies by showing that schemes increasing machine renewal and replacement investment are the most effective in fostering convergence.