Information and communications technologies, strategic asymmetry and national security

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This article discusses various asymmetries associated with institutions, nations and organizations that influence the ICT-national security nexus. Regulative, normative and cognitive institutions in a country provide various mechanisms that affect the nature of positive and negative asymmetries. Nations and organizations also differ in terms of their capability to assimilate ICT tools to gain positive asymmetries and deal with vulnerabilities of negative asymmetries. Integrative approaches that combine policy and technological measures at various levels are likely to make the world more secure.     

A Macro-Economic Framework for Evaluation of Cyber Security Risks Related to Protection of Intellectual Property

The article is based on the premise that, from a macro-economic viewpoint, cyber attacks with long-lasting effects are the most economically significant, and as a result require more attention than attacks with short-lasting effects that have historically been more represented in literature. In particular, the article deals with evaluation of cyber security risks related to one type of attack with long-lasting effects, namely, theft of intellectual property (IP) by foreign perpetrators. An International Consequence Analysis Framework is presented to determine (1) the potential macro-economic consequences of cyber attacks that result in stolen IP from companies in the United States, and (2) the likely sources of such attacks. The framework presented focuses on IP theft that enables foreign companies to make economic gains that would have otherwise benefited the U.S. economy. Initial results are presented.     

利益分化格局下中国共产党意识形态整合工作提优策略

改革开放以来,伴随着经济结构的深度调整,社会结构的快速转型,社会阶层的持续分化,导致利益结构的深刻变化,呈现利益诉求多样化、利益关系复杂化、利益差距显著化的特征,致使中国共产党的意识形态整合工作面临引导力被弱化、凝聚力被消解、包容力被降低等诸多障碍。为巩固党的执政基础,强化主流意识形态对社会群体思想的有效整合,必须坚持“一元主导”与“多样共存”的同向发展理念,培育社会各利益群体共同遵循的价值共识,增强党和人民辨别非主流意识形态的判断能力,创新以主流意识形态立体网络为载体的整合手段。     

《共产党宣言》的文化哲学意蕴及其现实启示

《共产党宣言》中长期被遮蔽的文化思想已经在不断地被揭示出来。然而,美中不足的是,《共产党宣言》中的文化属性是什么？其考察文化的方法论如何？与此相关,它对我们如何审视今天的文化有什么启示？诸如此类的问题,却有着进一步深入考察的必要。文章认为,《共产党宣言》文化属性的核心要旨是作为呈现意义的思想观念,而不是广义上的“人化”范畴。《共产党宣言》对文化的考察不是人类学、社会学意义上的描述性的或实证性的考察,而是文化哲学的考察,即,对自由资本主义时代,资产阶级所提出的作为呈现意义的思想观念之所以生成的本体论考察,在此基础上确立作为无产阶级思想观念的意识形态。所以,《共产党宣言》的现实启示就是要对今天中国现实社会中现存的作为呈现意义的思想观念做出符合唯物史观的解释。     

社交媒体存在的治安问题探析

目前,社交媒体已经成为人们十分青睐的社交软件,但由于其独特的传播机制和特点,违法犯罪分子将其作为开展不法 活动的温床,使人们的安全感受到严重影响。这主要体现在四个方面：一是恐怖组织和个人将社交媒体作为开展恐怖活动宣 传、组织和行动的工具;二是违法犯罪分子利用社交媒体实施色情、赌博和诈骗等犯罪;三是社交媒体成为引发违法犯罪的桥 梁;四是社交媒体在引导网络舆情的方向中起到了重要作用。     

清洁提单保函与交易安全研究

托运人向承运人开具清洁提单保函、承运人向托运人签发清洁提单的做法在当前国际货物海运中极为普遍。国际公约、国际组织规则、各国法律以及司法实践对清洁提单保函的性质、效力等仍存在诸多争议。在国际货物海运中,因清洁提单保函引发的纠纷层出不穷。尝试厘清清洁提单保函的性质和效力,探讨清洁提单保函无效的法律后果及其对交易安全的影响,提出针对性的保护方式,旨为应对清洁提单保函带来的问题提供参考。     

网络拟古世情小说对当下意识形态的民间再构

近年来,在网络通俗小说创作中涌现出大量的拟古世情小说。这类小说往往以宏大的故事布局和对优秀女主人公的塑造,吸引了众多阅读者的目光。这些女主人公群像,不仅反映出汉民族文化传统的审美眼光,也寄托了根源于以家族、财富为中心的社会价值期待,还与当下价值评判体系中的女性群体的自我期许相吻合。这些拟古世情小说在完成言情小说的爱情故事构形和实现娱情的休闲功能以外,也因为广大阅读群体逐渐步入或即将步入中产阶层而发生相应的变化,重新赋予女性作为稳定家庭、增长财富、养育子女、传承家风的核心力量的社会意义,她们洁身自好,对爱情专一,勇于面对困难,乐于奉献,担当责任,胸怀宽广。这些新型的“高大全”形象,表达出女性主义的新倾向：女性的成长和幸福的获得,更重要的在于女性内在的精神力量,与传统的气节、操守有关的人格因素,以及家教和门风。这使得网络平台的民间话语表达,具有更为包容传统以及融合其合理因素的价值取向,也与当下主流意识形态遥相呼应。     

日常生活领域的社会主义意识形态建设

社会结构变革和社会的开放化、市场化、信息化、网络化,既凸显了日常生活领域的社会主义意识形态价值,同时也对日常生活领域的社会主义意识形态凝聚力和引领力建设提出更多诉求。对此,应认真研究社会日常生活的发展变化,审慎思考日常生活领域对社会主义意识形态建设提出的各种诉求,积极加强社会主义意识形态的实践回应和自身建设。通过积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观、凝聚社会各阶层各群体共同信仰、形成社会主义意识形态传播场域、加强社会主义意识形态的日常生活渗透等措施,增强社会主义意识形态的凝聚力和引领力,牢牢把握以马克思主义为指导的社会主义意识形态在整个社会生活中的领导权、主导权和话语权。     

星星之火，何以燎原——论社会保障国际合作的兴起与发展

由于海外劳工在境外就业期间往往会遭遇社会保障双重缺失、社会保障双重缴费以及社会保障待遇支付障碍等诸多困境,使得西欧国家于20世纪初开始探索开展社会保障国际合作,主要方式是国家之间签署社会保障国际协定,合理地承担和分享海外劳工社会保障的责任与效益。经过一个多世纪的发展,社会保障国际合作开始由探索时期步入成熟时期,不仅在覆盖区域、惠及人群以及主要内容方面实现了由小到大、由少到多和由点到面的发展,而且在合作方式上实现了由双边协定到双边与多边协定并举的发展,进而成为了全球各国维护海外劳工社会保障权益的有效途径。     

Identity,security and the nation: understanding the South Korean response to North Korean defectors

From the Cold War era of the ‘veteran heroes’ to the present view of escaped North Koreans in terms more akin to ‘refugees’ and sometimes even just ‘migrants’, perceptions of North Korean defectors in South Korea have changed as swiftly as the number and origins of Northerners entering the South have expanded. At the same time, government policy for these ethnic ‘brethren’ has evolved considerably, particularly as South Korea has seen fundamental shifts in its independent identity, with important repercussions for the way its citizens view themselves as a collective. This article explores some of the key influences behind changes to policy and perceptions regarding North Korean people in South Korea over the period from 1997 to 2012, by applying international relations theory on national identity and its role in policy formation and change through the need to secure different parameters within that identity.