仪器分析与药学和临床医学 1.色谱部分

本文是关于仪器分析技术在医学和临床医学中应用的综述。本期发表的为第一部分 综述了色谱技术在这一方面的应用 所述及的技术有气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、薄层色谱(TLC)、超临界流体色谱(SFC)以及诸如气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)、液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)等一类联用技术。对每种述及的技术提供了少量的从网上搜索得来的实例。本文意在表明:1.色谱技术和其它仪器分析技术一样是与时俱进的,并且和医药科学互相促进:2.互联网的发展对于所有科学技术领域都有极大的帮助。     

成本计算法比较研究

制造成本法是我国现行有关会计制度规定的企业计算成本的方法,但在实际中,企业为了加强内部管理或适应成本管理的需要,也采用完全成本法和变动成本法计算成本。制造成本法、完全成本法和变动成本法因其各自的特点、使用对象和范围的不同,可从不同的角度满足企业成本计算和成本管理的需要。     

刑事程序性权利的保障

随着保障人权意识在刑事诉讼中的觉醒,刑事程序性权利的保障必将成为刑事诉讼中的核心问题。刑事程序性权利的价值可区分为程序性权利的工具价值和内在价值。前者是实现实体权利的手段,后者是基于普遍的人性为基础的独立价值。对我国现行刑事诉讼法中刑事程序性权利内在价值的缺失与薄弱环节的完善,是今后现代化法治建设的紧迫任务。     

农机服务发展与粮食生产效率研究:2004—2016——基于变系数随机前沿分析

采用“两步法”研究了农机服务发展与中国粮食生产效率的关系.基于2004-2016年全国31省份粮食生产投入产出的面板数据,利用变系数随机前沿分析方法测算了中国粮食生产的技术变化、技术效率以及全要素生产率,然后构建农机服务发展影响粮食生产效率的OLS回归模型.结果表明:(1)31省份粮食生产的投入要素产出弹性和技术效率存在明显差异,2008年粮食技术变化最为明显,粮食全要素生产率的增长在2008年高达5%.(2)农机服务在2008年以后对粮食全要素生产率的增长具有显著的促进作用,农机服务对粮食TFP的作用存在一定的滞后效应.(3)农机服务发展与劳动产出弹性具有替代关系,与化肥和机械产出弹性具有互补关系.在三大粮食作物中,小麦机械化程度最高,水稻和玉米的机械化程度还有待提升.     

不定次重复的古诺模型博弈及其仿真研究

重复次数不确定的重复博弈比无限次重复博弈更符合客观实际。提出了不定次重复的古诺模型及不同的博弈策略；通过计算机仿真的方法，根据设计的仿真方案对不定次重复的古诺模型博弈过程进行了仿真，得到了不同贴现因子条件下各种仿真方案的厂商得益；对各方案的结果进行了分析比较，得到了统计意义上的临界贴现因子和均衡策略；阐释了仿真结果的输入弹性的概念，并用其分析了不同仿真方案的结果差异的原因。     

A robust approach to longitudinal data analysis

The author introduces robust techniques for estimation, inference and variable selection in the analysis of longitudinal data. She first addresses the problem of the robust estimation of the regression and nuisance parameters, for which she derives the asymptotic distribution. She uses weighted estimating equations to build robust quasi‐likelihood functions. These functions are then used to construct a class of test statistics for variable selection. She derives the limiting distribution of these tests and shows its robustness properties in terms of stability of the asymptotic level and power under contamination. An application to a real data set allows her to illustrate the benefits of a robust analysis.     

一项关于大学生英语学习动机的调查

本文将Gardner和Lambert的经典动机分类和高一虹等提出的“情境型动机”相结合,并以此为理论基础,采用调查问卷的方式,对北京两所高校的大学生进行了调查。结果发现,当前大学生的外语学习动机整体较强,工具型为主,情境型和融合型为辅。具有融合型动机的学习者数量呈上升趋势。对于如何培养学习者的融合型动机,笔者提出了一些建设性的解决方法,以期对大学英语教学起到一定的促进作用。     

ON SELECTING VARIABLES AND ASSESSING THEIR PERFORMANCE IN LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

Linear discriminant analysis between two populations is considered in this paper. Error rate is reviewed as a criterion for selection of variables, and a stepwise procedure is outlined that selects variables on the basis of empirical estimates of error. Problems with assessment of the selected variables are highlighted. A leave-one-out method is proposed for estimating the true error rate of the selected variables, or alternatively of the selection procedure itself. Monte Carlo simulations, of multivariate binary as well as multivariate normal data, demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and indicate its much greater accuracy relative to that of other available methods.     

A bias analysis of Weibull models under heaped data

Retrospectively collected duration data are often reported incorrectly. An important type of such an error is heaping—respondents tend to round-off or round-up the data according to some rule of thumb. For two special cases of the Weibull model we study the behaviour of the ‘naive estimators’, which simply ignore the measurement error due to heaping, and derive closed expressions for the asymptotic bias. These results give a formal justification of empirical evidence and simulation-based findings reported in the literature. Additionally, situations where a remarkable bias has to be expected can be identified, and an exact bias correction can be performed.     

Slack-variable models versus Scheffé's mixture models

Slack-variable models are compared against Scheffé's polynomial model for mixture experiments. The notion of model equivalence and the use of various diagnostic measures provide effective tools in making such comparisons, particularly when the experimental region is highly constrained. It is demonstrated that the choice of the best fitting model, through variable selection, depends on which mixture component is selected as a slack variable, and on the size of the fitted model. In addition, the equivalence of two well-known representations of a complete mixture model is shown to be valid. Two numerical examples are presented.