经济人属性与“委托-代理”有效性分析

经济人具有利己的"根本属性"和遵从制度安排的"制度属性"。在现代公司治理中,同样存在具有经济人属性的委托人与代理人之间的博弈。因此,有效的"委托-代理"机制应充分体现经济人属性,从而使得公司治理具有有效性。     

我国破产制度对资产证券化的障碍及其对策

我国破产制度对资产证券化运行中的“真实出售”、抵消权及别除权的行使形成诸多障碍。为了保证资产证券化的顺利进行,我国应完善破产制度的相关规定,废止不符合破产法私法精神的司法解释和国务院政策,并制定专门的资产证券化法规。     

Gambling Screens: Does Shortening the Time Frame Affect their Psychometric Properties?

Gambling screening tools such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) developed by the National Opinion Research Council have psychometrically validated lifetime and past-year versions. As research questions often dictate shorter time intervals, researchers have adapted the time frames of these instruments to their specific purposes without examining whether changing the time frame affects the psychometric properties. In this study, 3-month versions of SOGS and NODS were administered to a sample of 80 pathological gamblers (59 men, 21 women, mean age 44) seeking treatment at a state-funded facility. The 3-months versions had good internal consistency, good convergent validity with each other, with gambling behaviors assessed via the timeline followback method, and with measures of impulsivity. The 3-month versions also showed good discriminant validity with demographic variables and a measure of verbal IQ. Together the data indicate that shortening the time frame to 3 months does not seem to have adverse effects on the psychometric properties of SOGS and NODS. Thus these adapted versions could profitably be used for shorter time intervals, including as pre/post-treatment and follow-up measures in treatment outcome studies.     

Assessing the Reliability and Validity of the Jump$tart Survey of Financial Literacy

Financial education represents an area of popular interest, owing largely to the Jump$tart surveys of financial literacy. However, while the surveys represent indicators of financial knowledge among high school seniors, these measures have not been statistically validated. This article describes an assessment of the surveys reliability (internal consistency), and validity. It reports a moderately high degree of consistency overall, however, discloses low to moderate internal consistencies among subscales. It also finds significant response differences to one quarter of comparable items between surveys. The researcher observes challenges to affirming the surveys validity and offers statistics suggesting social bias among survey items. He calls for further research into measures of financial literacy.The author appreciates the guidance and support of Dr. Duane Giannangelo, Dr. Jean Steiz, Dr. Lou Franceschini, and Dr. Steven Ross.     

论我国相对集中行政处罚权的合法性

相对集中行政处罚权是我国的一项制度创新,但是这一创新存在着是否合法的问题。从我国的试点城市看,这种相对集中行政处罚权在权力来源、权力行使主体和权力范围等方面与法律存在冲突。为此,在制度创新的同时,我们需要制定配套措施,解决合法性问题,以实现我国法制的统一性。     

Third-grade retention and reading achievement in Texas: A nine year panel study

The academic performance of over 38,000 Texas students who failed the state’s 1994 reading test was examined through their sophomore year in high school. Propensity score matching resulted in strata with retained and promoted students of comparable observed characteristics. Reading scores were analyzed using a two-level hierarchical linear model. Same grade comparisons show that third graders failing the state-mandated reading test who repeated the grade consistently outperformed in later grades the socially promoted children who also failed the third grade test. Additional analyses indicate that alternative explanations for the findings such as omitted variables, regression to the mean, differential panel attrition and cohort effects are not supported. The results are consistent with findings from other recent studies which suggest that grade retention in third grade may help increase student achievement.     

大学英语六级考试阅读理解试题内容效度研究

阅读理解是大学英语六级考试的重要组成部分,其信度和效度一直是人们关注的焦点。以大学英语六级考试真题为样本,从语言输入和预计输出角度研究了阅读理解的内容效度。结果表明,阅读理解试题的设计较好地符合了《大学英语教学大纲》和《大学英语六级考试大纲》的要求,对考生的阅读能力也有较好的考查,但还需进一步的改进和完善,使之有更好的效度。     

对耻辱刑的理性思考

耻辱刑在古代各国都存在过,后来被认为是不人道、不文明的刑罚而被废除,近来,又在有的地方重现。耻辱刑是诉诸人内心的一种刑罚,因而这种刑罚的主观色彩十分强烈,对这种刑罚反应的个体差异很大。同样的耻辱刑,对不同的人来说,可能意味着轻罪重罚或重罪轻罚。因而,耻辱刑是一种不科学的刑罚类型,对于现代法制文明社会来说是不可取的。     

论求真务实的实践本性

"求真"与"务实"是辩正统一的关系,二者统一于人们的社会实践.因此,在方法论上,坚持求真务实,最重要的就是要积极投身到"求真"与"务实"的实践中去,把求真务实落实到具体的行动上.     

论客观语言测试的客观性和公正性

指出了客观题型和机器阅卷掩盖了客观语言测试题目对受试者造成的不公正现象.从试题的难易度和区分度、试题内容以及试题效度三个方面论述了客观题型对客观语言测试的客观性与公正性的影响;并且有针对性地提出四点策略,即不同考试不同对待,综合考虑各项语言技能, 提高试题效度,以及保证命题质量,旨在全面提高客观语言测试的客观性和公正性,有效地利用客观语言测试的特点,以适应语言测试不断发展的需要.