Hormesis: A Highly Generalizable and Reproducible Phenomenon With Important Implications for Risk Assessment

From a comprehensive search of the literature, the hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the hormesis phenomenon occurs.     

知识型企业的“引导- 服务- 激励型”管理模式

阐述了知识型企业与非知识型企业的本质区别. 从这一本质区别出发,在分析知识型企 业管理需求的同时,指出“命令- 支配型”管理模式对知识型企业是不适用的,并根据这些管理 需求提出“引导- 服务- 激励型”管理模式,简要阐述了引导、服务和激励的内涵. 最后,提出了 以团队为基础的动态菱形结构,用以支撑该管理模式     

基于生物反馈的神经康复治疗仪的研制

本文设计了一套基于生物反馈的智能化神经康复治疗仪。采用DSP CLPD的新型设计思想,利用CPLD芯片实现刺激器的主要硬件电路的设计,实现了刺激参数的数字式可调,简化了电路;使DSP从繁复的工作中解放出来,专注于肌电采集、人工智能判断、阈值调整,并控制键盘液晶实现刺激参数的显示;并通过串口与上位机通信,提供友好的人机交互界面。     

虚拟企业激励方法初探

虚拟企业是一种全新的组织形式,分析认为,虚拟企业虽然是以计算机网络为运营平台,但其仍然是人格化的组织,也同样需要激励,需要调动虚拟企业人员的积极性、主动性和创造性。为此,提出了目标激励法、信任激励法、授权激励法和虚拟企业文化激励法等几种激励方法。     

高校图书馆人力资源管理与开发初探

高校图书馆的人力资源状况及其管理与开发水平 ,决定着高校图书馆事业的活力与发展水平 ,是繁荣高校图书馆事业的根本。但是 ,目前我国高校图书馆人力资源管理与开发中仍存在一些问题 ,对这些问题进行客观分析并提出改善高校图书馆人力资源管理与开发的对策和建议 ,有利于高校图书馆事业的健康发展     

我国的循环经济及其制度创新

在资源短缺和环境容量不足的双重约束之下,循环经济模式成为我国现阶段经济发展的必然选择,而制度创新则是实现从传统经济向循环经济转变的关键所在。循环经济的制度构建应包括三个方面:法律法规、经济激励或市场制度以及公众参预制度。我国循环经济的制度建设既要借鉴发达国家的经验,也要立足于我国实际进行制度创新。要在进行法律法规建设的同时,加强执法的力度,运用经济激励制度引导生产者的行为,鼓励公众参预循环经济。     

Design of a language stimulation program for children suffering abuse

This article proposes an intervention program, designed specifically for children in residential care who suffer institutionalized abuse, aimed at stimulating their use of language. The objective of the intervention procedure is to improve children's linguistic competence and their socio-affective development, as well as to enable parents to communicate and interact effectively with their children. Several studies have focused on the difficulties children suffering from abuse have with verbal expression and other areas of development. The research stresses the need to set up intervention programs that can improve the linguistic and social competence of children suffering from abuse. With such children, there is a fundamental need to develop a competence that will encourage their adaptive social skills, which are basic skills for interacting socially and which encourage the pragmatic language function, a skill needed for relating to adults and solving interpersonal problems.     

激励理论在高校学生管理中的运用

激励理论是组织管理理论的重要组成部分,激励理论在高等学校教育管理中广为应用.在当前,高等学校管理者应学习和掌握激励理论,调动广大学生的积极性,更好地为社会培养高层次人才.     

对大学生体育学习兴趣的调查研究

在深入分析了影响高校大学生对体育学习兴趣诸因素的基础上,加强大学生对体育价值观的认识;满足大学生个体内在的需求;提供优质的教学环境;运用科学的教学方法等措施以达到激发大学生体育学习兴趣,增强大学生体育学习效果的目的。     

冲突的识别与激发技术

随着科学技术的发展和人们认识水平的提高,人们对冲突的认识与理解也在发生着深刻的变化。冲突的水平过高或过低都会阻碍群体的工作绩效,如何把握冲突水平是高还是低,抓住工作绩效是区分冲突是否有效的标准。文章针对此标准提出了一套区分冲突是否有效的评价方法,对如何激发良性冲突提出了一些建设性的意见。