基于ARTⅡ网络的煤炭资源资产分类研究

本文建立了用于煤炭资源资产分类的ARTⅡ神经网络模型,编制了相应的计算机和软件,并将ARTⅡ模型与模糊分类模型和基于BP网络的分类模型进行了对比分析,实例运行结果表明,用ARTⅡ网络进行分类具有分类稳定、结果可靠等特点。     

Perception of Ecological Risk to Water Environments

This paper examines lay and expert perceptions of the ecological risks associated with a range of human activities that could adversely affect water resource environments. It employs the psychometric paradigm pioneered in characterizing perceptions of human health risks, which involves surveys to obtain judgments from subjects about risk items in terms of several important characteristics of the risks. The paper builds on a previous study that introduced ecological risk perception. This second study employs a larger, more diverse sample, a more focused topic area, and comparisons between lay and expert judgments. The results confirm that a small set of underlying factors explain a great deal of variability in lay judgments about ecological risks. These have been termed Ecological Impact, Human Benefits, Controllability , and Knowledge. The results are useful in explaining subjects' judgments of the general riskiness of, and need for regulation of, various risk items. The results also indicate several differences and areas of agreement among the lay and expert samples that point to potential key issues in future ecological risk management efforts for water resources.     

论社会主义市场经济的三个根本问题

坚持和发展社会主义市场经济,必须紧紧抓住和解决好基本制度、生产目的和资源配置这三个根本问题.这三个根本问题也构成了中国特色社会主义政治经济学的核心内容.在基本制度方面,必须坚持公有制主体地位不能动摇,国有经济主导作用不能动摇;坚持按劳分配为主体、使改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民.在生产目的上,要满足广大人民日益增长、不断升级和个性化的物质文化和生态环境需要.在解放和发展生产力的同时,保证被解放和发展了的生产力归人民所有,走可持续发展道路.在资源配置方面,社会主义国家由于有公有制经济的全力配合,政府对资源配置才能真正发挥“看得见的手”的作用,当然其效果如何还得看这只手有没有遵循经济发展的客观规律.中国特色社会主义追求的是共同富裕,公有制的存在和发展保证了经济发展成果由人民群众共享,从而中国特色社会主义的效率必然是也必须是最广大人民群众的效率,从而这个效率必然是与公平一致的.     

教育政策的利益分析——以择校问题为例

利益是公共政策分析的基本范畴,实现公共利益是教育政策制定最重要的目标。教育政策的利益分析包括利益主体分析、利益需求分析、利益实现方式分析以及利益结果分析四个方面。从利益分析的角度来看,择校问题实际上是由于优质教育资源供需矛盾而导致的,其中教育资源分配不均衡是根本原因。择校代表了一种个人的基本权利,体现的是个人利益。通过改革不合理的教育供给方式、增加教育服务供给,是治理择校问题、平衡公共利益和私人利益的有效途径。     

幼儿园滑梯游戏新探

玩滑梯是幼儿喜欢的一项游戏,对促进幼儿的身心和谐发展有积极的意义。由于受教师、资源和幼儿自身多种因素的影响,滑梯游戏还存在诸多不足。建议通过更新教师观念,科学定位滑梯游戏;构建滑梯乐园,激发幼儿游戏兴趣;探索滑梯玩法,满足幼儿自由玩耍;拓展滑梯功能,整合多种游戏情境;立足多元观察,优化滑梯游戏指导五大策略,全面提升滑梯游戏的质量,促进幼儿的全面发展。     

安徽省学前教育资源地区间配置差异分析

笔者采用锡尔指数及其一阶模型,对安徽省学前教育中的经费投入、师资力量、办学规模等教育资源配置的差异进行了测度,并将教育资源配置的差异性分解为皖北、皖中、皖南三个地域间的差异以及三个地域内各地区之间的差异。研究发现：三个地域内各地区差异是造成全省学前教育资源配置差异的主要原因;学前教育经费投入、师资力量和办学规模都存在着不同程度的配置差异,其中财政性教育公用费各地区差异最明显,专任教师的缺乏造成了各地区师资力量资源配置的差异;办学规模已基本能满足全省幼儿入园的需要,但结构性矛盾仍然突出。     

农村幼儿园运用家庭和社区资源的纵向调查——以我国西部S省为例

家庭和社区参与的高质量学前教育是乡村振兴计划的基础。通过对我国西部S省农村地区的两次实地调查发现,受该地区园所特点、教育政策和传统观念等的影响,农村地区幼儿园运用家庭和社区资源总体较低但也有所改善,对家庭资源的运用高于社区资源,对社区历史文化资源的运用较为薄弱。基于此结果提出了运用家庭和社区资源是农村幼儿园发展的必然选择;利用政策杠杆发掘农村地区家庭和社区资源;职后培训提高农村幼儿园教师运用家庭和社区资源的实效性等建议。     

精准扶贫的资源配置逻辑与实践困境

扶贫资源的合理配置是确保精准扶贫战略目标顺利实现的关键所在。然而,当前精准扶贫资源在配置的过程中存在着资源的项目化与社会生活的不规则性、政策执行的科层逻辑之间的张力。这一巨大的张力使极具科学性和合法性的程序受到非正式制度的倒逼,从而产生“反科层”的逻辑,进而使精准扶贫资源的配置面临实践的困境。要走出这种困境,精准扶贫资源配置应着力于增强资源配置的灵活性、增强贫困人口自身能力建设和因地制宜地发掘地方优势资源,以激发扶贫对象为主体的内生动力。     

美国小学ESL教学的特色与启示——以密歇根州红杉小学为例

美国是移民国家，它的小学ESL课程根据学生不同的语言文化背景来进行教学。其中，密歇根州红杉小学的ESL教学颇具特色。通过概述其在课程资源开发、教学策略及教学评价方面的特色，希冀对我国小学外语教学的课程资源观、教学策略观以及教学评价观的转变有一定的借鉴与启示作用。     

When is brokerage negatively associated with economic benefits? Ethnic diversity,competition, and common-pool resources

There is a growing body of literature positively linking dimensions of social capital to economic benefits. Yet recent research also points to a potential “dark side” of social capital, where over-embeddedness in networks and the pressures associated with brokerage are hypothesized to constrain actors, having a negative effect on economic outcomes. This dichotomy suggests that context is important, yet the overwhelming majority of existing empirical evidence stems from socially homogenous populations in corporate and organizational settings, limiting a broader understanding of when and how context matters. We advance this discourse to a socially fragmented, ethnically diverse common-pool resource system where information is highly valuable and competition is fierce. Merging several unique datasets from Hawaii's pelagic tuna fishery, we find that network prominence, i.e., being well connected locally, has a significant, positive effect on economic productivity. In contrast, we find that brokerage, defined here as ties that bridge either structurally distinct or ethnically distinct groups, has a significant, negative effect. Taken together, our results provide empirical support to widespread claims of the value of information access in common-pool resource systems, yet suggest that in ethnically diverse, competitive environments, brokers may be penalized for sharing information across social divides. Our results thus contribute to an emerging theory on the fragile nature of brokerage that recognizes its potential perils and the importance of context.