我国被害人财产权益保护制度的反思与重构

构建被害人财产权益保护制度,需要增加规定被害人在刑罚执行阶段的参与权;将精神损害赔偿列入赔偿的范围;构建完整的被害人财产权益的保护体系。构建被害人财产权益保护制度的路径选择,包括国家补偿、国家救助,涉及正确处理已经收缴而又无法发还被害人的赃物、赃款。     

自诉案件被害人人权保障及其完善

自诉案件被害人人权保障是刑事诉讼人权保障的重要组成部分。被害人在自诉案件中诉讼地位的复杂性和自诉案件的特点 ,决定了自诉案件被害人人权保障的特殊性。我国应合理界定自诉案件被害人人权保障的内涵 ,进一步完善自诉案件中被害人人权保障。     

Carriers of the troublesome violence – the social services’ support for female victims of domestic violence

In Sweden, the social services’ responsibility for abused women has been reinforced and clarified on several occasions since the 1990s. At the same time, the knowledge of their work is undeveloped. This article analyses the social services’ support for female victims of domestic violence with a focus on organisation, based on the concepts of specialisation and specialists. The study consists of qualitative interviews with 16 social workers in 11 municipalities. The study shows great organisational variation between the municipalities, although most have some sort of specialised units or person-bound specialisation. Colleagues, training and external supervision are factors the social workers emphasise as important in working with female victims of violence, a social problem described as both special and difficult. The different forms of organisation and specialisation influence the support the social services offer abused women.     

日本犯罪被害人保护法制度及其对我们的启示

在日本熏有关犯罪被害人的保护法制度一直是备受关注的。从2000年开始熏日本相继制定和修改了一系列有关犯罪被害的防止和犯罪被害人保护的法律,尤其是犯罪被害保护“二法”的出台,使日本在犯罪被害人保护法方面走在了世界的前列。“二法”通过减轻被害人的心理和精神负担以及扩大被害人权利救济的各种措施,使被害人保护呈现出独立性、实效性、体系化以及对被害人和被告人进行平衡保护的制度特征。日本犯罪被害人保护法制度为我国构建被害人保护法制度提供了有益的借鉴和参考。     

刑事法中被害人过错相关问题探析--以犯罪互动为视角

在犯罪互动过程中,被害人过错往往是诱发犯罪的主要原因。为此,首先应该厘清被害人过错在刑事法中的表达及其蕴藏的法理,然后通过立法将其由酌定量刑情节上升为法定量刑情节,这样将更有利于预防犯罪,尊重和保障人权,构建和谐社会。     

美国家庭暴力问题研究

家庭暴力已成为美国一大社会问题,受害者以女性居多。对美国家庭暴力问题的研究涉及:受害女性的特征;施暴男性的特点;妇女对家庭暴力的应对;家庭暴力产生的社会原因;家庭暴力的社会反应等。     

Popular Hazards and Policy Rhetoric

Popular hazards are common activities that involve some risks of harm, such as driving a car, possessing or shooting a gun, drinking alcohol, or smoking marijuana. In each of these cases, many millions of Americans engage in the activity, but only a small fraction of them harm themselves or other people. Because the activity is so common, the number harmed may be substantial, although more serious harms tend to be much more infrequent than less serious harms. Social policy debates almost always focus on some particular popular hazard, yet we can see rhetorical similarities—parallel arguments—in how advocates frame what are understood to be very different social issues. Thus, discourse about legalizing recreational marijuana use tends to invoke claims that are quite similar to those opposing further gun control. The category of popular hazards allows us to recognize parallels in policy debates about seemingly unrelated social issues. Focusing on the underlying policy issue—balancing popularity and hazardousness—encourages considering alternative ways to construct social policies.     

关于建立罚没款项补偿受害人损失制度的思考

将罚没款项(没收违法所得和罚款)补偿受害人损失,是通过公权手段保护私权主体权益的一项全新的制度设想.目前我国的规定是,执法机关应当将罚没款项一律上缴国库,这样的规定虽然简单易行,但存在的问题不能忽视.罚款数额应当与违法者造成的受害人损失挂钩,政府应当将罚没款项首先用来补偿受害人的人身和财产损失,以促进实现社会公平正义.     

蚩尤崇拜与民族认同——论当今中国苗族树立“精神共祖”的过程及背景

本文回溯与分析了20世纪90年代中期以后在中国苗族社会中"蚩尤热"兴起的过程及背景,对蚩尤与苗族的渊源关系的历史形成过程进行了若干回顾.在此基础上,探讨了20世纪80年代以后以苗族知识分子为中心推动的"苗学研究"和苗族民族认同意识重构之间的关系.指出20世纪90年代以后苗族社会中兴起的"蚩尤崇拜",事实上是从"他者"叙事到"自我"内化的一种转变,是凝聚苗族民族认同意识最为核心的"受难者记忆"进行重构的组成部分.