Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism and Identifiability

Although it has been claimed that people care more about identifiable than statistical victims, demonstrating this identifiable victim effect has proven difficult because identification usually provides information about a victim, and people may respond to the information rather than to identification per se. We show that a very weak form of identifiability—determining the victim without providing any personalizing information—increases caring. In the first, laboratory study, subjects were more willing to compensate others who lost money when the losers had already been determined than when they were about to be. In the second, field study, people contributed more to a charity when their contributions would benefit a family that had already been selected from a list than when told that the family would be selected from the same list.     

论量刑程序改革中的被害人权利

2009年量刑程序改革正式启动,从目前量刑指导文件和各地实践来看,被害人参与量刑程序尚未引起足够重视。对此,应当明确被害人参与量刑程序的必要性,赋予其量刑程序中的知情权和量刑建议权,以实现建立公开、公正量刑程序之目标。     

Challenges in assistance provision to child victims of transnational trafficking in South Africa

Child trafficking is a violation of multiple human rights and a child protection challenge in South Africa and worldwide. Thus, assistance provision can be a protective factor in the emotional and the psychosocial well-being of trafficked child victims. Stakeholders (including social workers) working in the field of trafficking were studied qualitatively to understand the nexus between child trafficking and service provision. The challenges the participants had encountered within assistance provision were explored through in-depth interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings from the study indicate that assistance provision is not an easy linear process and that multinational, multi-agency, long-term sustained response, with multi-focus on prevention, prosecution and protection (including rehabilitation) is required to enhance successful resettlement and adaptation. This response should be based on the rights of the child rather than based on law enforcement and immigration.     

未成年被害人犯罪人化的原因探析——兼谈被害之预防

我国未成年人犯罪形势严峻,已引起全社会的广泛重视。而未成年犯罪人有很大的比例是由被害人转化而来。国家有义务在预防未成年人被害方面有所作为,采取宏观预防措施。大量的未成年人被害事件都表明除了犯罪人的责任外,对未成年人保护中的疏漏和未成年人缺乏防范意识是造成其易遭受犯罪侵害的主要原因。预防被害还可以通过增强公民的防范意识和改变环境中易于诱发犯罪的因素来实现,其中公民自觉防范犯罪侵害是最为主动和积极的。     

我国被害人财产权益保护制度的反思与重构

构建被害人财产权益保护制度,需要增加规定被害人在刑罚执行阶段的参与权;将精神损害赔偿列入赔偿的范围;构建完整的被害人财产权益的保护体系。构建被害人财产权益保护制度的路径选择,包括国家补偿、国家救助,涉及正确处理已经收缴而又无法发还被害人的赃物、赃款。     

Moving forward: recommendations for advancing late-life polyvictimization practice,policy, and research

ABSTRACT

This article synthesizes what has been learned from the entire polyvictimization in later-life project and offers five categories of recommendations for addressing polyvictimization and its elderly victims through practice, policy, and research. These five recommendations relate to definitions and frameworks, practice, training and education, research and evidence-based interventions, and prevention. Specifically, this article focuses on changes to improve identification, development of policies and practices, and research priorities.     

Hidden trauma victims: Understanding and preventing traumatic stress in mental health professionals

Mental health professionals, including social workers, are often exposed to the traumatic experiences of clients in their work with victims of violence, crime, and disaster. Given their empathetic engagement with traumatized victims, they may experience severe emotional reactions such as terror, grief, and rage. Empirical evidence identifies these emotional reactions as “traumatic stress” including burnout, Traumatic Countertransference (TC), Vicarious Trauma (VT), and Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS)/Compassion Fatigue (CF). In this study, the history and definition of each traumatic stress are examined, and differences among them are explored. Preventive strategies for reducing traumatic stress in mental health professionals are discussed.     

论我国刑事被害人的权益保护——以恢复性司法为视角

传统刑事司法制度把对罪犯的刑事制裁视为社会正义的最终实现，同时强调对犯罪嫌疑人合法权益的保护，以期实现程序正义和实体正义的双重价值，但往往忽略了对刑事被害入的权益保护。在当前打击犯罪与保护人民同等重要的理念下，刑事被害人的权益保护问题备受关注。恢复性司法作为传统刑事司法的有益补充，对保护被害人的权益有着积极影响，如何通过恢复性司法保护刑事被害人权益也已成为刑事司法的重要命题。