From salons to the native reserve: reformulating the “native question” through pictorial photography in 1950s South Africa

The article provides a critical reflection on the practice of photographic salon exhibitions in the 1950s. In South Africa and abroad, there was a resurgence of photographic societies from the early 1950s that encouraged amateur photographers to create images based on a distinct visual grammar, thereby offering them not only an opportunity to display their work but to compete amongst each other. Subsequently, salon exhibitions produced work that would be judged on its pictorial rather than strict representational value thereby depoliticising the exhibition space. On the other hand, this article seeks to place this practice in the realm of racial segregation under apartheid by considering the deployment of the “black subject” in the native rural reserve in Joseph Denfield’s (1911–1967) work. Through a study of his ethnographic photographs which were exhibited internationally in this period as pictorial work, as well as his intellectualisation of his practice as native photography, it argues that the space of the salon allowed him to pose the “native question” pictorially, that is, provided a discourse through which the “native” could be “known” and ordered.     

对口援藏制度研究进展

“Complementary counterpart assis-tance” to Tibet is one of the earliest ways China conducted regional “complementary counterpart”assistance. As a formal institutional arrangement, it already has had more than 20 years of history. The academic research on “assistance to Tibet”has been gradually increasing. However, there are big differences in understanding many of the is-sues. This article conducts a comprehensive analy-sis on the progress of related research on the“com-plementary counterpart” assistance to Tibet in re-cent years, focusing on the spheres of assistance, the theoretical basis, institutional nature and other issues related to “complementany counterpart” as-sistance of Tibet. It further proposes the direction of future research.     

《儿女英雄传》中的副词“都”及其语法化

《儿女英雄传》是《红楼梦》通向现代北京话的中途站，通过它可以了解汉语在19世纪中期的基本面貌。当时，副词“都”已具备表示范围和表示语气等用法，其语气副词用法中有一类兼表已然义。根据《儿女英雄传》中反映的语言事实和语法化的一般规律，副词“都”的语法化路径应该为“范围副词→语气副词→兼表已然义的语气副词”。     

助动词“会”的产生和发展

助动词“会”产生于东汉时期,由“会合”义动词“会”在句法、语义、语用等因素的参与下演化发展而来。这一过程伴随着非元语用法到元语用法的转变,而从情态角度来看,助动词“会”的产生及发展过程实际上也是一个主观化逐渐加深的过程。     

近代汉语中“与”“给”字式使役句研究

近代汉语使役句的句法结构可以表述为“主语＋使役动词＋兼语＋VP”,语义结构可以表述为“致事＋使役标记＋被使者＋结果”。通过对近代汉语“与”和“给”字式使役句句法和语义结构的分析,我们可以更加清楚地勾勒其发展变化过程,即使役动词从动作义到具体使役,再到抽象使役或被动义。     

再释《桃花源记》中的“有汉”

《桃花源记》一文中的“有汉”通常被翻译教材译为“有过（经历过）汉朝”,然而笔者通过查找资料认为,以往的翻译理解存在偏误,因此著此文试做探析。同时以“有汉”作为切入点,通过对前人研究成果及诸家观点的整理,又进一步探讨了“有＋朝代名”结构的“有”的用法及语义。     

论梁启超文学观念中的杜甫情结

梁启超是中国近现代转折时期被誉为百科全书式的人物,他的文学思想与"新文体"倡导实践虽不等同于"五四"新文学主张,但堪称前矛与同路人。梁启超很少推重古代文学家,独对"写实派"杜甫十分推崇,从前期的情不自禁、每每涉及到后期的着力宣传,冠以"情圣"指称,可见梁启超文学思想方面较为清晰的发展路线与道义坚守。论文依据史料,比较系统地梳理了这方面的内容。     

“认同”与“明示”--汉语本土新词的英译原则与策略

在既有汉语新词的分类基础上重新界定汉语本土新词,利用定性分析的研究方法从西方修辞学中的“认同”观和关联理论中的“明示”说角度对汉语本土新词英译的实例探讨,重新阐释了“直译”“直译加注”和“意译”三类传统策略,提出英译汉语本土新词时应首先遵循“认同”原则,对待不同种类的汉语本土新词的英译要采取不同策略的观点。     

法教义学下“醉驾”定性困境之破解

“醉驾”行为应否一律定罪,成为“醉驾”入刑后自始广受争议的问题。然而,司法实践中具体个案的定性尴尬表明,“醉驾”一律定罪事实上是违反罪刑法定和罪责刑相适应基本原则的错误做法。如此错误,缘于过分强调分则个罪条款之适用同时,忽视了总则之地位及其与分则之内在联系,继而使得“醉驾”定性适用法律并不完整。完整的法律适用,需基于法教义学而认清刑法分则罪名条文规定的规范实质及其与刑法总则的内在关系,对具体个案予以体系化的法律适用。     

论行政诉讼中“主要证据不足”的认定

行政诉讼中“主要证据不足”的认定对实践审判活动极为重要。认定“主要证据不足”是通往行政法治的一条阶梯。从“主要证据”的预设出发,然后层层推进,深入分析“主要证据不足”及其相关问题不失为一条好途径。对比分析最高法院发布的指导案例,厘清其中行政法治的考量和价值追求,才能更好地领悟行政诉讼的目的,并借此指导实践审判活动。