维特根斯坦的现象学之谜

尽管对于欧陆现象学运动知之甚少,维特根斯坦还是在他于1929年年初重返剑桥之际独立地提出了一个他自己的"现象学"版本.他的现象学观可以被归结为这样一个信条:用一种所谓的"现象学语言"来再现被直接给予的现象乃是可能的,而同样的任务则是日常-物理语言所无法胜任的.但通过对于"予料"之本性的深入探索,维氏最后却不得不承认了:再现直接经验的任何尝试都会不可避免地牵涉到物理语言的表达式,而这种牵涉恰恰是以牺牲现象学语言的独立性为代价的.这一发现最终导致了维氏对于现象学的放弃.     

论休谟“观念”的现象学意义

休谟为了找到确定的知识,彻底地贯彻了经验论,将知识奠基于经验之上。他将知觉分为印象和观念,感觉印象是直接呈现于我们心灵中的,“观念”来自于感觉印象。这样他就找到了最确定、最基本的能够作为一切知识之基础的东西。不仅如此,他还悬置一切实体,将认识从关注外部实在回到自我意识中来。胡塞尔现象学倡导“面向事情本身”,要求面向直观呈现现象,回到纯粹意识。于是,休谟拒绝在现象之外看到非现象的态度与胡塞尔“面向事情本身”的纯粹意识,产生了理念的相似性。     

现象学的方法特征——关于现象学与人类学、心理学之间关系的思考

可以通过揭示现象学与人类学和心理学的关系来说明现象学的特殊领域和特殊方法。具体地说,从现象学与人类学的关系来说明现象学的先验还原方法及其必要性;从现象学与心理学的关系来说明本质还原(本质直观、观念直观)方法及其必要性。如果将现象学看作某种意义上的心而上学,那么它一方面有别于实证心理学,另一方面也有别于思辨心理学和超心理学。     

教学本质的存在现象学解读

从古典本质观出发研究教学的困难不仅在于教学现象的纷繁复杂，更受困于本质和现象二元对立。笔者以存在现象学 视野下的本质观为理论基础，以直观的方法分别观察在无他人在场和有他人在场两种情形下教师教授的意识和学生学习的意 识，得出教授即以教授为目标的教师之自我意识，学习是以学习为目标的学生的自我意识。但有无他人在场，教师和学生自我意 识的存在方式有所不同。无他人在场时，教师和学生都处于纯粹自我意识的状态中；而当他人在场时，教师和学生将可能处于纯 粹自我意识和被动反应两种状态相互转化的动态过程中。     

Actions,habits and forms of life

After a survey on the work of prominent philosophers within the Western tradition, it can be noticed a tendency to view habits as automatic, unfree and unconscious behaviour. In this context, this article attempts to show that habits are actually much closer to the characteristics that are otherwise attributed to actions. That is, following the dialectical approach of Sartre, I develop arguments to support that habits are conscious actions carried out with a sense of identification towards the form of life that actions, in turn, project as a whole; in this way, each form of life requires a set of habits that the agent performs freely and rationally, understanding the latter as the dialectical procedure by which the act itself brings about a totalizing identity. This vision implies that habits are interrelated and codependent within a network of social behavior, so they cannot be discarded without discarding the form of life to which they belong. That is, a change of habit requires a change in the totality of which it is a part. But that change can only occur if social agents become aware that their habits are a product of their free acceptance and not of necessity. In the article, this latter is paradigmatically exemplified by neoliberal capitalism as a form of life.     

A political-economic theory of relevance: Explaining climate change inaction

Why have societies failed to effectively respond to climate change? We address the question of climate change inaction by (1) examining how an unambiguously ominous report about climate change (IPCC 2018) was made palatable by news media and (2) explaining why climate change is typically unthematized in everyday life. Drawing on Adorno and Schutz, we develop a political-economic theory of relevance. The imperative to accumulate capital is not only a social-structural reality but also shapes why particular facts are regarded as relevant in experience (topical relevance) as well as how relevant material is interpreted (interpretative relevance) and acted toward (motivational relevance). Applying this framework, we (1) argue that media popularizations of the IPCC's dire Global Warming of 1.5°C (2018) are constituted by relevance systems conditioned by a capitalist social context and (2) strengthen Ollinaho's (2016) Schutzian explanation for climate change inaction by examining how productive relations and the culture industry perpetuate climate change irrelevance in everyday life. Schutz's framework helps conceptualize the intricacies of ideology and, when revised with Adorno's sociology, shines new light on an old question: the relations between social conditions and knowledge.     

One world is not enough: the structured phenomenology of lifestyle migrants in East Asia

The paper is based on original empirical research into the lifestyle migration of European migrants, primarily British, to Thailand and Malaysia, and of Hong Kong Chinese migrants to Mainland China. We combine strong structuration theory (SST) with Heideggerian phenomenology to develop a distinctive approach to the interplay between social structures and the lived experience of migrants. The approach enables a rich engagement with the subjectivities of migrants, an engagement that is powerfully enhanced by close attention to how these inner lives are deeply interwoven with relevant structural contexts. The approach is presented as one that could be fruitfully adopted to explore parallel issues within all types of migration. As is intrinsic to lifestyle migration, commitment to a better quality of life is central to the East Asian migrants, but they seek an uncomplicated, physically enhanced texture of life, framed more by a phenomenology of prosaic well‐being than of self‐realization or transcendence. In spite of possessing economic and status privileges due to their relatively elite position within global structures the reality for a good number of the lifestyle migrants falls short of their prior expectations. They are subject to particular kinds of socio‐structural marginaliszation as a consequence of the character of their migration, and they find themselves relatively isolated and facing a distinct range of challenges. A comparison with research into various groups of migrants to the USA brings into relief the specificities of the socio‐structural positioning of the lifestyle migrants of the study. Those East Asian migrants who express the greatest sense of ease and contentment seem to be those who have responded creatively to the specific challenges of their socio‐structural situation. Often, this appears to have been achieved through understated but active involvements with their new settings and through sustaining focused transnational connections and relationships.     

现象学观照下"区域文化形象"的影像传播 ——以"京津冀协同发展"为例

京津冀协同发展作为当前国家重大发展战略之一，自实施五年来取得了重要的进展。在今后向纵深领域迈进的过程中，区域文化形象的建构、传播与认同就成为不可或缺的发展引擎。影像作为直观的艺术形式在这方面具有天然优势。以现象学为理论视角来探索区域文化形象的影像塑型、传播与群体认同的建构途径，以期在影像的本质直观中打造一个活泼泼的生活世界，在生活世界中营构一个脉脉温情的影像空间，在诗意空间中享受一个开放而自在的文化氛围。由此让我们获得京津冀区域文化形象影像传播的现实意义和文化价值。     

现象学视阈下"世界"和"家"内涵的演进——从胡塞尔、海德格尔到阿伦特

现象学创始人胡塞尔认为,19世纪后半叶,实证科学日益占据统治地位,导致人们对科学世界的崇拜,遗失了作为科学世界之基础的生活世界,人类精神找不到栖息的家园。现象学的继任者海德格尔则以为,人们将共在的世界误认为家园,孤独个体构建的独在的世界才是人们所要寻找的精神家园。阿伦特开启了世界的政治生存向度,赋予行动以世界性,明确指出,人们生活的家园是政治世界,行动是有价值和意义的生活方式,从而丰富了现象学"世界"与"家"的内涵。     

Experiences of visually impaired students in higher education: bodily perspectives on inclusive education

Although previous literature sheds light on the experiences of visually impaired students on tertiary grounds, these studies failed to provide an embodied understanding of their lives. In-depth interviews with 15 visually impaired students at one university demonstrated the ways in which they experienced their disability and the built environment in their bodies. At the same time, lost, fearful, shameful and aching bodies revealed prevailing gaps in provision for disabled students. Through this research it becomes clear how the environment is acutely felt within fleshly worlds, while bodies do not fail to tell of disabling societal structures. Based on the bodily stories, we thus make recommendations to improve the lives of visually impaired students on tertiary campuses.