自构与移植:民行交叉案件审判程序研究

诉讼程序设置应当与纠纷性质类型相适应。兼具公、私法属性的民行交叉纠纷是一种典型的混合纠纷形态类型。现行"民行分离"理念主导下的民行交叉案件审判程序设计,难以回应民行交叉纠纷特质与当事人整体利益保护需求。端赖于民行交叉纠纷案件法律特性、诉讼同质性及纷争一次性解决理念指导下的民行交叉诉讼程序创设,是实现民行交叉诉讼案件自身规律的统一性裁判规则的关键所在。源于法的同源性与同构性融合的民行交叉诉讼程序,是一个完整诉讼在形式和内容上所必备的组成元素的融合。从法的技术性规范角度看,中国民行交叉诉讼程序的构建需要在纠纷案件识别与剔除、中间裁判、与传统诉讼程序沟通联结等方面作出相应的规定。     

民法法系中案例的法律效力和作用

[主持人语]案例指导是对法院审判工作经验的成功总结,是上级法院指导下级法院审判工作的一种重要手段。从新中国成立到90年代,我国案例指导工作经过了曲折的变化过程,既有成绩和经验,也有教训与不足。进入新的世纪,最高人民法院《五年改革纲要》和《二五改革纲要》为我国案例指导制度的发展提出了制度设想,人民法院案例指导工作进入制度建设的快速发展期。目前,互联网和信息技术迅速发展,案例的整理和编辑方式发生了急剧的变化。伴随着我国经济的成长和社会的进步,案例指导的模式也需要及时调整。因此,对于我国案例指导制度的构建积极进行探索和分析,具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。参加此次案例指导专题讨论的研究者,既有长期从事司法实践工作的法官,也有年轻的法学理论工作者,他们从不同角度对于案例指导问题进行了探讨。有的作者研究了公益诉讼中的案例指导,有的作者探讨了我国涉外民事案件法律适用的案例指导问题,还有的作者分析了民法法系中案例的地位和效力,对于案例在其他民法法系国家和地区的法律地位及法律效力进行了考察与比较研究。这些文章的观点或许还需要修改和完善,但理论探索本身即是我国案例指导制度构建的重要组成部分,我们期待着更多的学者和司法实践工作者参与其中。     

Estimation in the bivariate poisson distribution and hypothesis testing concerning independence

Estimation procedures in the bivariate Poisson distribution are briefly reviewed and some errors in the literature are corrected. Asymptotic efficiencies are reexamined for both symmetric and asymmetric cases. Six hypothesis testing procedures, including three studied by Kocherlakota and Kocherlakota (1985), for independence are evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulations.     

我国死刑案件证据制度之完善

案件事实是适用死刑的依据,但案件事实必须依靠证据来证明。在死刑案件中,证据问题更是直接决定着被告人的生死存亡。严格死刑案件证据制度,是提高死刑案件质量、减少和避免死刑错案的重要措施。我国应当通过确立或完善非法证据排除规则、口供补强规则、直接言词原则和传闻规则、证人出庭制度,并提高判处死刑的证明标准,来严格控制死刑的适用。     

我国死刑程序运作状况的实证分析

就我国死刑案件审判特殊程序运作状况,对法院、检察院工作人员,警察,律师,普通社会公众,服刑人员等进行了抽样问卷调查。调查内容包括三个方面：所有调查对象对死刑案件第二审程序规定运作状况的认识;法律职业群体对死刑案件审判程序运作状况的认识;服刑人员和普通公民对死刑案件审判中当事人权利保障问题的认识。根据对问卷的统计、分析得出：由于当前中国社会经济、文化的发展和犯罪态势的影响,我国刑事诉讼法有修改的必要。为了进一步保证死刑案件诉讼程序的规定得到更好地执行和遵守,提出了如下改革建议：扩大律师在刑事诉讼中的权利;扩大人民监督员和特约检察员对刑事案件审理过程的程序性监督;引入沉默权制度;在审判委员会中,应坚持少数服从多数的原则。     

论我国涉外案件专属管辖范围之合理确定——以比较研究为视角

一国法院行使的涉外案件专属管辖权是该国国家主权在司法领域的突出体现,合理确定专属管辖范围既能有效地保护本国公共秩序,又能避免或者减少国际民商事诉讼管辖权冲突的发生.必要性原则和国际协调原则是合理确定涉外案件专属管辖范围应坚持的两项基本原则.我国现行立法对涉外案件专属管辖范围的规定既存在着过度扩展的问题,也存在着专属管辖规定不够全面的问题,需要借鉴国际上通行做法作出适当调整,使其趋于合理.     

教师数据素养研究与实践:国际经验及启示

近年来,随着教师队伍建设的不断推进和发展,教师数据素养逐渐成为教师教育领域的重要内容,并受到越来越多研究者的关注。良好的数据素养是进行科学决策、提升教学质量的重要保障。研究基于文献分析,在厘清教师数据素养概念内涵的基础上,重点分析国外在教师数据素养理论架构、核心内容、实践案例以及评估等方面的积极探索和有益经验,进而探讨其对我国教师数据素养研究与培养实践的启示。未来,我国应致力于做好教师数据素养培养的顶层设计、鼓励多方力量的协同参与、提供终身性的专业支持和服务、加强教师数据素养的理论研究。     

论类案的相似性判断标准——以最高人民检察院探索建立类案监督机制为背景

类案同判构成了现代法治的基础，也是社会追求的司法目标。实现类案同判是近年来司法改革的重要内容，探索建构类案监督制度就是以此为基础。然而，与检察系统积极探索建构类案监督制度的热情相比，类案监督制度的实施情况却不理想，原因就在于没有相应的适用方法来指导类案监督制度的运行。当前，建构类案监督制度运作机制，应将重心放在确定类案的相似性判断标准上。类案的相似性判断必须解决类案是什么、如何判定类案、需相似到何种程度三个问题。类案判定的核心在于待比较案件之间相关性特征的可接受性。     

Abusers gaining custody in family courts: A case series of over turned decisions

Abstract

This article presents findings and recommendations based on an in-depth examination of records from 27 custody cases from across the United States. The goal of this case series was to determine why family courts may place children with a parent that the child alleges abused them rather than with the nonoffending parent. We focused on “turned around cases” involving allegations of child abuse that were at first viewed as false and later judged to be valid. The average time a child spent in the court ordered custody of an abusive parent was 3.2?years. In all cases we uncovered the father was the abusive parent and the mother sought to protect their child. Results revealed that initially courts were highly suspicious of mothers' motives for being concerned with abuse. These mothers were often treated poorly and two-thirds of the mothers were pathologized by the court for advocating for the safety of their children. Judges who initially ordered children into custody or visitation with abusive parents relied mainly on reports by custody evaluators and guardians ad litem who mistakenly accused mothers of attempting to alienate their children from the father or having coached the child to falsely report abuse. As a result, 59% of perpetrators were given sole custody and the rest were given joint custody or unsupervised visitation. After failing to be protected in the first custody determination, 88% of children reported new incidents of abuse. The abuse often became increasingly severe and the children's mental and physical health frequently deteriorated. The main reason that cases turned around was because protective parents were able to present compelling evidence of the abuse and back the evidence up with reports by mental health professionals who had specific expertise in child abuse rather than merely custody assessment.     

Multiple cases deletion measures in linear measurement error models

In this paper, we define a multiple cases deletion model (MCDM) in linear measurement error models (LMEMs). Then, by using the corrected score method of Nakamura (1990), the estimation of parameters is obtained. Furthermore, Based on MCDM, we provide computationally inexpensive deletion diagnostic tools for LMEMs. An example illustrates that our method is useful for diagnosing influential subsets of observations.