罗马帝国时期埃及地方审判管辖浅析

罗马征服给埃及司法工作带来新的变化。罗马统治者根据其统治需要,在古罗马已有法律实践的基础上吸收、借鉴以往埃及法律惯例,造就了罗马埃及独特的司法制度。在不断地交流互鉴过程中,罗马埃及地方的审判管辖逐渐形成四级审级制度,各审级间的审判管辖权限层次分明,并且审判管辖亦形成了新的特征,即罗马埃及地方审级设置过多、军人参与司法事务和总督拥有最高司法权等特点。埃及地方审判管辖的发展无疑体现其渐趋罗马化的特征。     

“智慧教育”背景下应用型高等院校活力课堂建设路径——基于工商管理类专业的考察

随着智慧课堂、智慧教室和智慧校园等智慧教育成果的运用,推进智慧教学,打造活力课堂,已成为提升应用型大学教育教学质量的重要手段。当前应用型大学活力课堂建设仍然存在缺乏系统性的融合方法、多维度的体验情景、多渠道的协同实战和高共享的智慧平台四大障碍因素。因此,应打破企业只是"接盘侠"、学生只是"知识人"、创业教育只是"独行者"和智慧平台只是"教学手段"的固有思维,构建以"+企业"为核心的"认知—融合—驱动—实习"四阶段融合活力课堂体系,采取"六位一体"的"+企业"教学改革手段,协同打造项目库和卓越创业孵化班的实战活力课堂,不断完善智慧教育服务平台,打造多方共享智慧学习生态圈。     

Let's Call it Quits: Break‐Even Effects in the Decision to Stop Taking Risks

“Chasing” behavior, whereby individuals, driven by a desire to break even, continue a risky activity (RA) despite incurring large losses, is a commonly observed phenomenon. We examine whether the desire to break even plays a wider role in decisions to stop engaging in financially motivated RA in a naturalistic setting. We test hypotheses, motivated by this research question, using a large data set: 707,152 transactions of 5,379 individual financial market spread traders between September 2004 and April 2013. The results indicate strong effects of changes in wealth around the break‐even point on the decision to cease an RA. An important mediating factor was the individual's historical long‐term performance. Those with a more profitable trading history were less affected by a fall in cash balance below the break‐even point compared to those who had been less profitable. We observe that break‐even points play an important role in the decision of nonpathological risk takers to stop RAs. It is possible, therefore, that these nonpathological cognitive processes, when occurring in extrema, may result in pathological gambling behavior such as “chasing.” Our data set focuses on RAs in financial markets and, consequently, we discuss the implications for institutions and regulators in the effective management of risk taking in markets. We also suggest that there may be a need to consider carefully the nature and role of “break‐even points” associated with a broader range of nonfinancially‐focused risk‐taking activities, such as smoking and substance abuse.     

考虑属性关联的两阶段获胜者确定模型

研究了多属性逆向拍卖的获胜者确定问题。考虑属性之间的两两关联，以定义在2-可加模糊测度上的Choquet积分表达拍卖人的偏好，其中模糊测度的值由拍卖人提供的偏好信息推测得出。由于一般情况下与偏好信息一致的模糊测度取值并不唯一，考虑所有一致的评分函数提出了两阶段获胜者确定方法。首先采用线性规划挑选出在任意评分函数下可能获胜的报价，再通过混合整数规划确定一个与所有一致的评分函数的评价结果最为接近的报价排序，以得分最高者为稳健获胜报价。仿真实验表明，大量的报价为不可能获胜报价，说明了在第一阶段进行筛选的必要性。与现有方法的比较表明了该方法的有效性，且在拍卖轮数较大、报价数目较多时，该方法在计算效率上更有优势。     

联盟企业的网络位置差异、行业环境与网络位置跃迁

 网络位置的跃迁能够为联盟内企业带来很多关键性资源和社会效应，联盟内大量企业都试图通过各种途径加速其网络位置的跃迁。已有研究较多从企业自身拥有的网络能力和网络中企业位置嵌入优势探讨网络位置的快速跃迁，忽视网络合作企业位置嵌入的作用，特别是网络位置嵌入存在差异的企业所形成的网络异位置联盟，容易导致资源和信息流动的改变，而对企业网络位置演化产生综合影响。此外，在中国新兴经济情景下，外部环境的变化会影响企业合作意愿以及合作方式的选择，以此动态作用于异位置联盟方式下企业网络位置的演化。        运用资源基础观和信任理论，对比分析同位置联盟和异位置联盟对企业位置跃迁的作用，并检验网络企业嵌入不同行业环境(行业环境动态性和行业环境竞争性)对它们之间关系的权变作用。采用中国信息行业研发合作网络为样本，运用社会网络Ucinet 6.0、Stata 11.0软件和多元回归分析方法进行实证检验。        研究结果表明，与网络同位置联盟相比，异位置联盟更容易促进企业网络位置跃迁；行业环境动态性越强，越会促进网络异位置企业间联盟对企业网络位置跃迁的正向作用；行业环境竞争性对网络异位置联盟与企业网络位置跃迁之间关系没有权变作用。        研究结论进一步明晰了网络异位置联盟对企业网络位置跃迁的作用机理及行业环境对企业网络位置演化作用机制，为企业有效获取和利用网络位置资源提供理论支持。     

双元领导对亲社会性沉默的影响

 亲社会性沉默可能是唯一能产生积极影响的沉默行为，当前对亲社会性沉默的前因研究尚显不足。激烈的竞争环境要求领导者具备双元能力，关于双元领导效应的研究主要集中在创新领域，而领导者结构化了员工的工作环境，将会影响员工的认知和行为，并且沉默行为主要由领导者造成。因此，探讨双元领导对亲社会性沉默的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。        整合不确定管理理论和权力社会距离理论，以210名企业员工为样本，运用Spss 22和Mplus 7进行层次回归分析和验证性因子分析，探讨权力视角下双元领导对员工亲社会性沉默的影响，检验个人权力感知的中介作用以及中庸思维和权力距离导向的调节作用，揭示双元领导影响员工亲社会性沉默的内在机制。        研究结果表明，①双元领导正向影响员工亲社会性沉默，个人权力感知负向影响员工亲社会性沉默；②个人权力感知在双元领导与亲社会性沉默间起完全中介作用；③中庸思维负向调节双元领导与个人权力感知的关系；④权力距离导向正向调节个人权力感知与亲社会性沉默的关系。        实证检验双元领导对亲社会性沉默的影响，拓展了沉默行为相关研究；选取权力视角的双元领导为切入点，丰富了双元领导影响的研究；探讨亲社会性沉默的中介机制，从权力距离导向视角验证了个人权力感知对沉默行为的影响；通过引入中庸思维和权力距离导向作为调节变量，有效回应了管理学本土化研究倡议。研究结论对组织管理实践具有一定的指导意义。     

Online MapReduce processing on two identical parallel machines

In this work we investigate the online over-list MapReduce processing problem on two identical parallel machines, aiming at minimizing the makespan. Jobs are revealed one by one, and each job consists of one map task and one reduce task. The map task can be arbitrarily split and processed on both machines simultaneously, while the reduce task has to be processed on a single machine and it cannot be started unless the map task has been completed. We first show that the general case of the problem reduces to the classical two machine online scheduling model with an optimal competitive ratio of 3/2. For a special case where the map task is at least as long as the reduce task, we prove that no online algorithm can be less than 4/3-competitive. An optimal Greedy algorithm with a matching competitive ratio is proposed as well.     

Entrepreneurial Motivations and Capabilities of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

This article presents findings on immigrant entrepreneurship in Australia. The relationship between the entrepreneurial start‐up motivation, co‐ethnic preferences and entrepreneurial capabilities of established immigrant businesses are explored. We analyse data collected with a self‐administered survey questionnaire from 157 immigrant entrepreneurs in Melbourne's suburbs. Our findings show that immigrant entrepreneurs who report a high level of individual achievement as their start‐up motivation also report high levels of entrepreneurial capabilities in terms of opportunity recognition, managerial innovativeness and proactiveness. Immigrant entrepreneurs who are highly influenced by co‐ethnic preferences on staff employment and customer targeting report higher opportunity recognition than those who have a co‐ethnic preference on suppliers. We provide important insights and explanations for these findings and their implications for Australian immigrant entrepreneurs and policymakers.     

高含水期油藏层间压力结构差异量化方法研究

由于长期注水开发和层间非均质性影响，高含水期油藏各小层层间压力结构差异严重，掌握差异状况是合理调整的重要依据。针对现场分层测压资料少，单层压力资料获取困难的情况，应用渗流力学原理建立了高含水期地层层间压力结构差异量化数学模型，模型的关键参数可以通过生产数据计算获得。枣园油田的实例验证表明，高含水油藏层间压力存在明显差异，该方法能够确定各小层的压力差异状况。量化计算结果和实测资料相接近，有利于认清开发矛盾，为合理调整提供技术依据。