顾成、罗汝芳“文”“武”二墓探源

明镇远侯顾成以武官身份镇守贵州而建立功勋，其墓葬后世称“武墓”;罗汝芳是阳明后学的代表性人物，其墓葬后世则称“文墓”。传二墓均立于安顺九溪村河畔。已有研究表明，“武墓”确为顾成长子顾统与其妻俞氏合圹，《顾夫人俞氏圹志》厘清了该墓茔之讹传数百年的谬误;“文墓”虽疑窦重重，为考古研究带来了许多疑云，却增加了对罗汝芳晚年生活际遇、思想由激进转为隐逸突变的深思，且从罗汝芳的“韦氏之识”“伤子之痛”和“隐居之谜”事件分析，其隐逸并葬于安顺九溪之说极为可能。     

《泰王国民商法典》制定的历史背景

《泰王国民商法典》是在近代泰国法制改革的大背景下产生的，有着复杂的社会历史背景。曼谷王朝拉玛四世以前，泰国历经素可泰王朝、大城王朝和曼谷王朝的一部分，朝代更迭，历时漫长但在法制上却保持了相对稳定。1851年，曼谷王朝四世王拉玛四世（1851-1868）登基，拉开了泰国近代史的序幕。1852年1月，英国在第二次英缅战争之后，占领了缅甸，并觊觎泰国。1855年，英国派其驻香港的总督鲍林率使团到泰国与拉玛四世谈判，威逼泰国于1855年4月18日签订了《英暹条约》（史称《鲍林条约》）。这一个不平等条约彻底打开了泰国闭关自守的大门，欧洲列强以该条约为蓝本，威逼泰国签订了类似条约。泰国自此成为一个半殖民地国家，其法制也逐步西化，泰国的法制也这一时期完成了从古代法制向现代法制的转型。事实上，泰国法制现代化的过程，就是一个从理论到制度逐步西化的过程。《泰王国民商法典》就是在这样一个大的背景下产生的。     

A Decision Framework for Managing Risk to Airports from Terrorist Attack

This article presents an asset‐level security risk management framework to assist stakeholders of critical assets with allocating limited budgets for enhancing their safety and security against terrorist attack. The proposed framework models the security system of an asset, considers various threat scenarios, and models the sequential decision framework of attackers during the attack. Its novel contributions are the introduction of the notion of partial neutralization of attackers by defenders, estimation of total loss from successful, partially successful, and unsuccessful actions of attackers at various stages of an attack, and inclusion of the effects of these losses on the choices made by terrorists at various stages of the attack. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated in an example dealing with security risk management of a U.S. commercial airport, in which a set of plausible threat scenarios and risk mitigation options are considered. It is found that a combination of providing blast‐resistant cargo containers and a video surveillance system on the airport perimeter fence is the best option based on minimum expected life‐cycle cost considering a 10‐year service period.     

新加坡公民道德建设及其反思

新加坡自1965年成为独立自主的国家起,在人民行动党的领导下全面引入了发展主义的国家建设思想,公民道德成为培养高素质国民的重要手段而得到肯定。新加坡公民道德建设经历了从公德到社会道德、共识道德的不同发展阶段,核心内容是养成"新加坡人意识",其间存在的主要问题是政府主导、公民参与不足。新加坡公民道德建设的启示在于:要经过充分的社会建设,才能过渡到现代政治改革;积极扶持社会组织才能保证公民道德的持续发展。     

Fostering social capital in an international multi-stakeholder issue network

Scholars have theorized that public relations contributes to societies and communities by bringing attention to pressing public issues and fostering social capital in civil society networks. However, the extant research has studied civil society networks of NGOs, donors, and the media in transitional countries. This study extends the public relations model of civil society in two ways. First, it broadens the scope to an international context. Second, it draws from the multi-stakeholder issue network perspective to conceptualize a civil society network as a space where stakeholders of an issue mix their interests as they collectively address a pressing public issue. The literature on international and multi-stakeholder networks suggest that the international scope and the mixing of interests across sectors may restrict the production of social capital. The results from the social network analysis suggests that the mixing of interests across sectoral and geopolitical boundaries did not restrict the production of social capital. Rather, the patterns of the relationships among those on the core and those on the periphery of the network restricted the production of social capital. Such finding demonstrates how public relations’ functions like relationship building can have profound influences on social capital and civil society networks. The implications for public relations theorizing and research are discussed.     

Beyond Petliura: the Ukrainian national movement and the 1919 pogroms

On the basis of largely unused archival materials in Kyiv, this article re-examines the responsibility of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) for the pogroms of 1919. It consciously puts aside the question of Symon Petliura’s personal guilt, preferring to concentrate on the broader responsibility of members of the Ukrainian national movement for propagating antisemitic stereotypes and engaging in anti-Jewish violence. This approach reveals a widely held belief among members of the UNR that they were fighting a Jewish Bolshevik enemy. This led to pogroms but also probably prevented the UNR from punishing its soldiers who had perpetrated them. Despite the declarations by UNR figures condemning pogroms and the creation of an organ to investigate them, there were apparently very few, if any, convictions, at least in 1919, the year of the worst pogroms.     

Appropriating Care and Hijacking Desire: Thought and Praxis in Human Services Under 21st Century Capitalism

In this article, we trace the rise of neoliberalism and its impacts on the historical role of human services within the academy and the community. We ask whether we can re-think and re-envision a 21st century academy rooted in the material actualities of daily living and connected in very real ways to the struggles of those Human Services was designed to serve. Finally, we propose that Human Services could have a significant role to play in developing new modes of value that could lead to new modes of thought and new avenues of praxis.     

Icons,Itinerary, and Identity: Associations of Boundary and Mobility within the Contemporary US Passport

Regulatory shifts in US border policy set in motion through implementation of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative are concurrent with recent formal and functional changes to the US passport. This article examines these modifications interweaving themes of boundary, mobility, and identity. The study focuses on the tripartite means by which the state employs the passport: as the primary affixer of national identity; as a mediator of contact and mobility across national boundaries; and as a mode for the projection of a certain territorial discourse to its citizenry and ‘others.’ These concepts are developed through an analysis of the narrative and iconic representations contained within the new book itself; material sources from government archives; as well as discussions and interviews with US State Department functionaries closely associated with the design and distribution of the new e-passport. Through the latter examination, a view is afforded into the process by which key state documents are crafted and an inherent tension revealed within an agency charged with establishing a particular unifying ‘brand’ for the preeminent instrument of national identification, whilst dutifully acknowledging the diverse constituency of a nation that historically fashions itself as one constructed from the many. In conclusion, the study suggests that the new passport is the handiwork of a plethora of state actors and a servant of many masters, for it is not only a facilitator of mobility and a vouchsafe for the identity of the bearer, but also, a tiny but significant piece of US property, itself an agent of border maintenance and boundary construction that enables the state to lay claim to its citizenry.     

Harnessing civil society's knowledge for development policy: Potential and challenges for the Republic of Yemen

This exploratory case study investigated Yemeni civil society actors’ actual and potential contribution to policy‐making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, in the sectors prioritized in Yemen's national development strategy. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Sana'a between January and July 2015 with policy‐makers, researchers from academic institutions and civil society organizations. More specifically, this article discusses the role that YPRIs play in the public policy landscape of Yemen; the challenges they face in their interaction with policy‐makers; the opportunities they represent for policy actors in Yemen; and the factors enabling and limiting their influence, communication, inclusiveness and capacity. The authors conclude by contextualizing their findings within the ongoing conflict and drawing lessons for post‐war policy‐making in Yemen.     

晚清科举中的矛盾现象及分析——谈科举考试的社会功能

1905年,中国历史上延续了1300年的科举制度被废除。一百多年来,对于科举制度的研究中,西方学者以置身事外的身份和历史社会学的眼光看得更为深刻和系统。近年来,重新认识科举的呼声在壮大。本文将科举制度与晚清的社会结构相联系,着重阐述清代社会危机下的科举制度所呈现出的矛盾现象,并以此为分析对象,探讨清代社会结构的变动及科举制度在这种变动之中体现出的社会功能,即在18世纪和19世纪的中国,由人口增长所引发的社会危机中,科举制度的存在成为缓和与转嫁这种危机的关键,发挥了强劲的社会调和的功能,进而使中国社会的稳定得到维持。