科技金融结合试点政策对地区经济增长影响研究——基于科技创新与产业结构合理化的视角

科技金融是"第一生产力"与"第一助推力"的有机结合,承担着带动地区经济高质量发展的重要使命.基于当前我国科技金融结合不断推进的背景,文章以2007—2016年我国共285个地级市的面板数据为例,运用双重差分法(DID)对科技部、中国人民银行等五部门推行的科技金融结合试点政策对试点地区经济增长的带动效应及机制进行检验.结果表明:第一,科技金融结合试点政策能够有效带动试点地区经济增长,这一结论具有稳健性;第二,科技金融结合试点政策对试点地区经济增长的带动作用存在显著的地域性差异,东部最强、中部次之、西部最弱;第三,进一步的机制检验表明科技金融结合试点政策能够通过提升地区科技创新水平和推动产业结构合理化的双重路径带动地区经济增长.为了进一步推动科技与金融相结合,提升地区经济发展水平,各地政府应高度重视科技金融结合试点政策对地区经济发展的正外部性,积极申报试点城市建设.同时,应结合各地市情社情制定差异化试点政策,大力提升科技创新与产业结构合理化水平,充分发挥其对地区经济增长的中介作用.     

Cognitive abilities,self-efficacy,and financial behavior

This paper investigates the effect of cognitive abilities on financial behavior among older adults. Using the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, I find that cognitive abilities significantly affect financial behavior through two channels: ability and self-efficacy. People with higher cognition scores achieve better financial outcomes. This positive association is especially strong in tasks having high demand of cognitive abilities, which confirms the ability channel of the cognitive ability effect. In addition, there is evidence for the self-efficacy channel as a secondary source of cognitive influence. Lower cognitive abilities decrease people’s sense of self-efficacy, which, in turn, significantly decreases financial management efficiency. The findings have important policy implications, specifically that more effort is needed to assist the growing older population through the cognitive aging process and that noncognitive skills, as a secondary source of influence, also warrant attention.     

基于ACC支付模式的供应链金融模型研究

在零售商存在资金不足和顾客需求随机情况下，以报童模型为基础，针对变质品构建了供应链金融问题和ACC支付模式（提前支付Advance、现金支付Cash和信用支付Credit）相结合的零售商订货模型，即零售商与供应商、融资机构合作条件下的模型。研究表明，零售商会随着最优订货批量和最低期望成本的增加和降低趋势，进而调整订货量，从而规避供大于求的风险，最终降低总的期望成本。同时供应商可以适当调整支付比例，让零售商来分担坏账和商品变质风险。     

网络借贷市场参与主体行为策略的演化博弈均衡分析——基于三方博弈的视角

由于监管缺失、信用风险管理缺位，导致网络借贷市场的违约事件持续出现，损害网络借贷市场的参与者利益。本文构建了一个包括网络借贷平台、金融监管机构和投资者的网络借贷市场参与主体的三方行为策略演化博弈模型，从演化博弈的角度分析了网络借贷平台、金融监管机构和投资者的策略选择对网络借贷市场运行的影响，并以拍拍贷平台为案例进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明：不同初始值的三方博弈结果存在显著差异，网络借贷市场参与主体行为策略的演化博弈不具有稳定中心点、且不存在稳定的均衡点。另外，当金融监管机构采取"严格监管"措施时，惩罚值越高，网络借贷平台越倾向于选择"自律"的行为策略，随着投资者投资额度的增加，网络借贷平台选择"自律"行为策略的概率逐渐降低。最后，提出规范网络借贷市场参与者行为和风险控制的对策建议。     

Responsibility,planning and risk management: moralizing everyday finance through financial education

The individualization, privatization and marketization of risk management represent a fundamental dimension of the financialization of everyday life. As individuals are required to engage with financial products and services as the main way of protecting themselves from risks and uncertainties, their economic welfare and security are construed as depending largely on their own financial decisions. Within this setting, the concept of financial literacy and accompanying practices of financial education have emerged as a prominent institutional field handling the formulation and communication of the attributes and dispositions that arguably constitute the proper financial actor. This article analyzes financial education programmes currently conducted by state agencies in Israel, examining the notions and principles they articulate when defining and explaining proper financial conduct. The study indicates that moral themes and categories occupy a salient place in the formulation of the character traits that constitute the desired literate financial actor. Notions of individual responsibility, planning ahead and rational risk management are presented not merely as instrumental resources, but as moral imperatives. Through these notions, the programmes moralize a broad array of everyday practices of personal finance such as saving, investing, borrowing and budget management, thereby connecting the sphere of financial matters to the domain of moral virtues. Offering a representation of particular modes of financial conduct as constitutive components of morally virtuous personhood, these practices imbue the financial field as a whole, especially its current generalized logic of individualized and marketized risk management, with moral meanings, hence contributing to the normalization and depoliticization of the financialization of everyday life.     

信贷需求抑制视角下农户环境友好型农业技术采纳行为分析

通过构建一个两期动态投融资的理论框架,分析信贷需求抑制、非农收入对农户环境友好型农业技术采用的影响,进一步运用黑龙江、浙江、河南和四川4省957份农户数据采用IV-Heckit和cmp模型进行实证检验,并以家庭其他成员参与金融项目数作为工具变量解决内生性问题。结果表明:我国农村存在着严重的信贷需求抑制问题,信贷需求抑制显著负向影响农户环境友好型农业技术采用行为及强度,非农收入对此有明显的缓解作用;非农收入对于资金需求大、普及程度高的有机肥采用影响显著,对资金需求小的秸秆还田采用影响不显著。最后,针对研究结论提出了加强渠道建设、推动绿色金融、深化金融创新等政策建议。     

国家治理财政学:学说渊源、理论基础及主要特征

作为后发现代化国家,中国财政学理论的发展既受到外来理论的深刻影响,又在解释和指导中国财政实践中打上了中国国情烙印和时代特征。“国家分配论”受到来自苏联理论的深刻影响,又与中华人民共和国成立初期运用计划模式追求工业化紧密相关,强调中国财政的生产建设性。“公共财政论”借鉴西方现代财政理论,又与改革开放中引入市场机制加快经济增长相对应,强调现代财政弥补市场失灵的公共性。国家治理财政学将是中国汲取中外财政相关理论成果,为实现国家治理现代化进行的财政理论探索。该理论从政府—市场—社会三维互动视角对财政现象进行观察,对财政主体、财政客体、财政目标和财政过程进行全面研究,为新时代发挥财政在促进国家治理现代化中的“基础和支柱”作用提供理论支持。