大数据战略视野下我国信息网络安全立法分析

大数据战略视野下,很多国家纷纷制定、完善和执行着自己的信息网络安全法律,并已形成世界潮流.从国内外的大数据战略与信息网络安全立法分析来看,我国既有成绩,也有不足.对于我国信息网络安全的法律保障,目前需要完善的主要内容有:进一步明确国家信息网络安全立法的目的与宗旨;基本法层面,尽快构建完备的信息网络安全法律保障有机体系,重点包括政府信息公开法与个人信息保护法等;实施层面,加强与完善具体领域的单行法与配套法建设,增强法律规定的可操作性;完善法律框架之外的协作保障体系.     

Colonized Silence: Confronting the Colonial Link in Rural Alaska Native Survivors’ Non-Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse

Though there is evidence linking the history of colonialism and oppression of Indigenous people to the high rates of rape and child sexual abuse experienced by this population today, it is less understood how colonial processes, past and present, condition the decision to disclose or report victimization. Drawing on a survivorship storytelling study of rural Alaska Native survivors of child sexual abuse, this paper underscores the importance of centering colonialism in understanding the culture of silence surrounding sexual victimization among Indigenous people. Results show that reasons for non-disclosure are quite embedded within larger social, historical and political themes of colonialism, oppression, and marginalization. Implications for policy and praxes are discussed, as well as a broader mandate of social change to remove barriers to disclosure.     

Coming Out and the Potential for Growth in Sexual Minorities: The Role of Social Reactions and Internalized Homonegativity

Coming out is a significant and sometimes difficult process in the lives of sexual minorities, but disclosure can also affect wellbeing in positive ways, including reduced distress and greater relationship satisfaction. This study investigates the possibility of stress-related growth and depreciation following coming out. To obtain a diverse sample with varying coming-out experiences, data were collected from undergraduate students as well as from online sources, including lesbian, gay, and bisexual support groups and Pride groups. Regression analyses indicated that negative social reactions to coming out predicted both growth and depreciation, although they more strongly predicted depreciation. Positive social reactions were positively related to stress-related growth, while internalized homonegativity was inversely associated with growth. Although the two sample sources (online and campus) differed in some ways, sample source was not a significant predictor in the regressions, nor was it indicated as a moderator in exploratory ANOVA analyses.     

网络反腐视角下政府信息公开存在的问题及完善路径

政府信息公开在网络反腐中具有重要的意义和作用，其不仅能够加强公民对政府权力的监督和制约，保障公民的监督权和知情权，而且有利于政府深入开展反腐败工作，树立廉洁形象，有效地预防和遏制腐败。目前，政府信息公开在网络反腐中还存在着许多问题：如政府机构信息公开意识淡薄，对网络反腐存在抵触心理；政府机构滥用自由裁量权，垄断网络信息资源；信息公开质量不高，形式主义严重；政府网站建设存在不足，公开内容和方式需要完善等。为保证政府信息公开在网络反腐中的有效实施，应加快网络反腐立法建设、推行官员财产网上公开、加强政府网站平台建设、积极开通政府微博、不断改进网络发言人公开方式，从而推进网络反腐的进程。     

Couple-Level Patterns of Disclosure Process Beliefs and Their Association with Marital Satisfaction

Abstract

Grounded in symbolic interaction theory, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to investigate the preexisting patterns of belief surrounding the disclosure process in married relationships. With a sample of 131 heterosexual married dyads from the U.S., we found four classes: two classes represented similarity of spouses’ beliefs (Both High Beliefs and Neither High Beliefs), and two classes represented dissimilarity of spouses’ beliefs (where only the wife endorsed high beliefs, Wife High Beliefs, and where only the husband did, Husband High Beliefs). Husbands’ satisfaction was positively associated with membership in the Both High Beliefs class. An interaction between spouses’ satisfaction was found: the impact of wives’ satisfaction on class membership is dependent on husbands’ satisfaction. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争 对权益资本成本的影响研究

为研究社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争对权益资本成本的影响,选取2014—2017年沪深A股上市公司数据进行实证分析。结果表明,企业社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争都能降低权益资本成本;产品市场竞争的激烈程度影响社会责任信息披露与权益资本成本之间的关系,产品市场竞争越激烈,社会责任信息披露降低权益资本成本效果越明显;上述变量特征关系在非国有企业中比在国有企业中更加显著。根据研究结果,对企业与相关监管机构提出建议：企业应更加注重内外部治理机制的协调发展,在不断提升社会责任信息披露质量的同时,完善自身市场竞争机制,以达到降低权益资本成本的目的;监管机构应加强社会责任信息披露立法,规范我国资本市场发展。     

美国《国家生物工程食品信息披露标准(实施细则)》制定中公众参与的经验及启示

公众有效参与立法活动能够促进立法的民主性,提高法律规则的可实施性。2018年12月,美国《国家生物工程食品信息披露标准(实施细则)》公布于世。除具体条文外,另有详尽的公众参与制定该规则的全过程记录同时发布。通过对美国公众参与立法的全阶段进行分析发现,其公众参与立法程序较为完善且公众参与性强。结合我国公众参与立法的现状,提出引入“立法预先公告”程序,扩大公众参与主体范围、增加公众参与立法的途径、适当延长公众评议时间、完善公众评议反馈制度、进行充分的立法信息公开等具体建议,切实保证公众在参与立法过程中获得现实参与感,以促进立法民主化、科学化,为我国法治国家建设助力。     

我国社会发展目标和创新动力

“全面小康社会”、“和谐社会”、“资源节约型、环境友好型社会”、“学习型社会”的建设,均离不开创新活动,尤其是“自主创新”。“自主创新”是提高科技水平和经济竞争力的关键,也是调整经济结构、转变经济增长方式的中心环节。     

论作为创新信息系统的专利制度

专利制度发挥着一种受信赖的信息系统之作用，它被视为信息可靠性的保障，降低了发明信息的传递成本和交易成本。它所意欲促进扩散的创新信息不仅指技术信息，还包括与技术相关的非技术信息。非技术信息对于技术扩散也具有重要的意义，但其价值常常被人们漠视，其原因在于人们对专利制度如何促进技术信息扩散的作用机理产生了错误的认识。专利制度不仅应该通过公开充分性制度来实现技术信息的扩散，它还需要通过权利要求解释、侵权救济与权利例外等制度的完善来实现非技术信息的扩散。因此，传统上的“专利公开”概念应该予以拓宽。     

《电子商务法》视角下网约车平台的信息披露义务

近年来网约车平台的信息管控问题受到较多关注。网约车属于服务提供型电子商务平台，具有更强的人身安全保障需求，以区别于以实物商品为交易标的的商品提供型电子商务平台。网约车平台对于服务提供过程中的驾乘信息有强大的管控能力，同时也需承担承运人责任。《电子商务法》为电子商务平台直接或间接设定了信息披露义务，在《电子商务法》未明确规定或仅做原则性规定的情形下，网约车平台亦应当根据实际情况将相应信息做单独处理以满足乘客、利益相关人和国家机关合法的信息披露要求。在一般情况下，网约车平台需向一般公众提供平台信息与平台内经营者信息，特别是法律要求的基本信息，而在特殊情况下，网约车平台不仅需要提供相应个人信息与运营信息，还需满足披露质量上的即时性和全面性要求。