Social capital of entrepreneurs in a developing country: The effect of gender on access to and requests for resources

This paper addresses gender differences in the social capital of entrepreneurs in a developing country. Social networks are often an important asset for accessing resources; however, they may also be a liability in developing countries, since entrepreneurs are often expected to support their contacts. Using a recent survey among urban and rural Ugandan entrepreneurs, we focus on the financial resources that entrepreneurs can obtain from their contacts on the one hand, and requests for financial support made to the entrepreneurs from these contacts on the other hand. Our results show that there are gender differences associated with access to, and requests for, financial resources.     

German fathers and their preferences for shorter working hours for family reasons

This study is among the first to analyze fathers’ preference for shorter working hours specifying that the preference is related to the wish to spend more time with the family. Assuming that preferences are context-dependent, this article explores the relevance of the family and workplace context for preference formation. We develop need-based and capability-based arguments to contrast the job demands–resources approach and the capabilities approach in work–family research. Using a sample of 632 fathers from the German LEEP-B3 data with a representative linked employer–employee design for large work organizations we conclude that fathers’ preferences for shorter working hours are indeed context-dependent and that there is more evidence for need-based arguments than opportunity based arguments. Our results indicate that fathers with young children and fathers with high work demands are more likely to desire shorter working hours, whereas a reduction in working hours appears to be unnecessary for fathers who can satisfactorily reconcile work and family life through support from their supervisors. In contrast to capability-based arguments the perception of a highly demanding work culture was not found to decrease but increase the likelihood to desire to work shorter hours.     

No Mind Reading Necessary: Conducting Evidence-Based Electronic Resource Marketing and Outreach Using Marketing Research Assessment

Abstract

In her presentation entitled “No Mind Reading Necessary: Conducting Evidence-Based Electronic Resource Marketing and Outreach” at the North Carolina Serials Conference April 2019, Kate Hill discussed marketing research strategies and outreach tools used to increase online users’ access to electronic resources and primary resources. In an effort to connect users to seldom-used resources, Jackson Library collaborated with university partners to develop surveys to identify the information-seeking behavior of its users and apply the gathered marketing research to strategically plan outreach activities.     

国家级新区义务教育资源供需矛盾及消解路径——基于N市J区12345政务热线数据分析

成立国家级新区对迅速改善欠发达地区经济环境、改变落后的民生状态进而促进城市区域发展具有重要意义。国家级新区应努力推动社会公共服务体系与产业发展体系协同共进。义务教育资源是社会公共服务体系的重要组成部分，不容忽视。国家级新区在初创的关键时期需要打好义务教育资源均衡分配的基础，为后续义务教育资源的优化升级提供坚实保障。本文以N市J区为例，通过对12345政务热线服务平台的数据分析和对关键人物的访谈，探讨国家级新区初创期义务教育资源需求特征，同时发现实际存在着义务教育资源供不应求、供需脱节、配置失衡、提质升级乏力等供需矛盾，并依据新区初创阶段的实际需求，从制定规划、资金支持、供需互动、创新升级等方面进一步探讨国家级新区义务教育资源供需矛盾的消解路径。     

Media Disaster Reporting Effects on Public Risk Perception and Response to Escalating Tornado Warnings: A Natural Experiment

Previous research has evaluated public risk perception and response to a natural hazards in various settings; however, most of these studies were conducted either with a single scenario or after a natural disaster struck. To better understand the dynamic relationships among affect, risk perception, and behavioral intentions related to natural disasters, the current study implements a simulation scenario with escalating weather intensity, and includes a natural experiment allowing comparison of public response before and after a severe tornado event with extensive coverage by the national media. The current study also manipulated the display of warning information, and investigated whether the warning system display format influences public response. Results indicate that (1) affect, risk perception, and behavioral intention escalated as weather conditions deteriorated, (2) responses at previous stages predicted responses at subsequent stages of storm progression, and (3) negative affect predicted risk perception. Moreover, risk perception and behavioral intention were heightened after exposure to the media coverage of an actual tornado disaster. However, the display format manipulation did not influence behavioral responses. The current study provides insight regarding public perception of predisaster warnings and the influence of exposure to media coverage of an actual disaster event.     

论民族生境与民族文化建构

民族学经过一个多世纪的探索，逐步地达成了一个共识，建构一种文化并不是一件轻而易举的事情。文化是指导人类生存发展延续的信息系统，文化的建构是以所处自然生态系统为底本，以并存的社会生态系统为参照，文化这一信息系统不断偏离与回归所处自然生态系统与社会生态系统，在世代延续过程中逐步认知、积累其成败的经验与教训，并在传承的过程中不断地完善和丰富起来。民族以文化为分野，不同民族所处自然环境与社会环境互有差异，这就形成了民族生境的差异性，而民族生境的差异性也同样会建构出不同民族文化事实体系的差异性来。     

语义场理论对科技术语翻译的启示从——“水资源管理”一词的英汉互译谈起

科技术语在不同语言之间的翻译是一个复杂的语义匹配过程，如何在考虑相关术语使用现状的基础上将新产生的科技术语准确翻译为其它语言是科技工作者和术语研究者关注的重要问题。以语义场理论为分析框架，通过分析以"水资源管理"及其相关术语为代表的英汉互译，结果发现：不同科技术语在同一语义场所涵盖的语义范围将会随着相关研究深化带来的术语界定细化而发生相应的动态变化；新兴科技术语的翻译要充分考虑其所在语义场其它相关科技术语的翻译先例和使用现状所带来的影响，在翻译准确性和解读便利性之间做出适当的平衡。这是造成"水资源管理"及相关术语英汉互译处理极为复杂的重要原因之一，需要科技翻译者在工作实践中多加注意。     

Language roulette – the effect of random placement on refugees’ labour market integration

Placement of refugees and subsequent labour market integration within a host country represents a key challenge for policymakers and has emerged as one of the most divisive topics in the public debate. Immigration policy in Switzerland adopts random placement of asylum seekers across its different language regions. Hence, this policy allows to estimate the causal effect of language skills on employment chances, as refugees are exogenously placed across regions where the spoken language could either match or deviate from individual language skills. The results of this ‘natural experiment’ indicate substantially higher probabilities of finding employment when asylum seekers are placed in regions with a lingua franca that matches their individual language skills. Additionally, the findings suggest that language course participation can offset the reduced likelihood of employment in cases of a language mismatch. While random placement of refugees may be desirable for political reasons, it is detrimental to the economic integration process. Thereby, the study draws relevant conclusions for a larger European immigration policy.     

数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造案例研究

  世界经济的发展呼唤先进制造理念和制造技术，敏捷制造受到学者的广泛关注。制造业企业通过了解实现敏捷制造的过程机理，可以使其灵活地运用各种先进生产技术促成敏捷制造。然而，已有对制造业企业实现敏捷制造过程的研究缺少契合当前情景的视角以及完整、清晰的探究。         鉴于此，引入赋能概念，从数据驱动的视角对青岛酷特智能公司的研发、生产和营销3个阶段进行深入分析，结合扎根理论的3级编码技术，构建制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程模型。在已有研究基础上，构建敏捷制造的开放式概念框架，通过调研访谈、实地考察等方式获得分析数据，分析并构建制造业企业实现敏捷制造的过程模型，结合已有研究对该模型进行进一步讨论和完善。研究过程严格遵循理论构建的理论-实践-理论研究逻辑。         研究结果表明，企业的敏捷制造能力可以通过高效对接消费者需求与资源以及提高中间对接环节的效率来打造。从数据驱动视角看，数据化、标准化和联网化是制造业企业实现敏捷制造的核心所在。一方面，数据化和标准化可以提高数据的可接入性和流通性，减少制造加工环节的延缓；另一方面，联网化可以让需求数据直接对接企业的资源和制造过程的设备，进而实现资源的自动整合，打造企业高响应速度、高质量、低成本的供给。         从数据驱动视角构建的敏捷制造过程模型系统详细地解释了制造业企业通过数据赋能实现敏捷制造的过程，完善和拓展了关于敏捷制造的研究，为未来敏捷制造实证研究提供了一定的研究基础和启示。此外，为了给企业实践提供更加详细、明确的指导，给出基于数据赋能驱动制造业企业实现敏捷制造的实践指导步骤。