人类命运共同体构想的三维审思：逻辑起点·现实基点·思想源点

人类命运共同体构想作为马克思主义中国化的最新理论成果，是在积极反思人类生存现状的基础之上，对世界未来发展形态的一种前瞻性擘画。总体观之，作为“类”存在的人的主体自觉以及马克思主义“类”思想是人类命运共同体构想的逻辑基点， 现代“人类交往”方式的演进与普遍发展是人类命运共同体构想的现实基点，中国传统文化中的“和合”理念是人类命运共同体构想的思想源点。逻辑起点、现实基点与思想源点共同构成人类命运共同体构想的生成之源，对其系统、深入的阐释与审思则是我们学习、领悟、实践这一伟大构想的重要环节。     

Teaching technologies for immigrant children: an exploratory study of elementary school teachers in Russia*

ABSTRACT

Educational institutions are an important setting where psychological, pedagogical, sociocultural, and language adaptation of immigrant children occurs. A number of teaching strategies, practices, approaches, and methods have been described in the literature. In the Russian context, such strategies have been called ‘technologies’. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to describe teaching technologies used by teachers in Russia when working with immigrant students in elementary schools. Responses of forty-five elementary school teachers to open-ended questions describing technologies they use when teaching children with migration backgrounds were analyzed using content analysis. Findings suggest that Russian elementary school teachers used ethno-cultural group, communicative technologies, games, individualized instruction, and differentiated teaching. Many approaches mentioned can be used inclusively with groups of immigrant and non-immigrant students. Importantly, while teachers supplemented classroom instruction with additional Russian language lessons, none mentioned specific techniques for teaching Russian as a non-native language. These findings are discussed in relation to teaching strategies described in the international literature focused on migrant students. Finally, implications for further research are discussed.     

基因编辑技术背后的伦理与人权

当前基因编辑技术发展迅速,引起各国政府、学术界和企业界的广泛关注。但从近期“基因编辑婴儿”事件来看,基因编辑技术的伦理问题仍须厘清,我国现行法律尚不完善。通过保护基因编辑婴儿隐私、切实发挥伦理委员会作用、加快相关立法工作,我们或可更好地解决基因编辑技术背后的伦理和人权问题。     

走自己的路:建党百年中国道路自信的生成逻辑及提升路径

自信是一种信念及精神,中国道路自信是中华儿女对中华民族发展能力及前途的信任,其形成与中国百年发展辉煌成就息息相关.中国道路自信源自中国道路的正确选择.建党百年来,中国共产党带领中华儿女历经千难万险,先后成功开辟新民主主义革命道路、社会主义改造及社会主义建设道路、中国特色社会主义道路.全国人民在百年磨砺中增强了中国道路自信.这种自信承载着中华儿女的无数梦想,是中华民族复兴的软实力.树立中国道路自信的理论前提,关键在于对中国道路优越性的彰显.只有将其置于不同参照系中进行多维度比较,才能使其优越性得以全面彰显,并愈加坚定不移地沿着这条道路阔步前行.显然,站在新时代历史方位上,通过梳理、总结建党百年来中国道路发展历程,将中国道路置于自身与"他者"之历史与现实中,进行共时态与历时态之比较,以唯物史观回望并厘清建党百年来中国道路自信生成逻辑,具有极其重大意义,既能彰显中国特色社会主义道路的优越性,又能激发全体中华儿女愈加自信地"走自己的路"——中国特色社会主义道路,筑牢中华民族共同体意识,阔步迈向全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程.     

双循环发展的改革开放空间试验场——我国开发区的缘起、演进和趋势

开发区是我国改革开放进程中重要的"制度安排",在制度转型、市场机制培育、产业结构升级和带动地区经济增长等方面发挥着引领示范作用,但同时也存在政策效应边际递减、土地资源浪费、创新不足等诸多问题.梳理我国开发区过去三十多年的发展经验和不足,并展望其未来定位是一项重要的研究课题.在详细讨论我国开发区的缘起、动力机制、发展阶段、功能演变、面临问题的基础上,文章从制度安排、比较优势、产业集聚和商业环境四个方面总结了我国开发区取得的成功经验.未来,开发区的发展应实现从生产到生活、从效率到公平、从地的繁荣到人的繁荣、从外围到中心、从专业化到多样化、从高速增长到高质量发展、从对外开放到国内国际双循环等方面的转变.     

Staff and family attitudes to fences as a means of detaining people with dementia in residential aged care settings: The tension between physical and emotional safety

This study investigates staff and family attitudes towards the use of the fences that surround many aged care facilities in Australia, in the context of indefinite detention of people with dementia. This indefinite detention has been described in a report from an Australian Senate Inquiry as “a significant problem within the aged care context”, which “is often informal, unregulated and unlawful”. Five focus groups comprising direct care workers, family members, nurse unit managers and facility managers discussed the reasons for and their attitudes towards fences. The results show a tension between the provision of physical and emotional safety. This is to say that even while it is illegal to detain people with dementia against their will, and even while participants understood the negative impact of fences on the well‐being and emotional safety of people with dementia, they accepted and supported the presence of perimeter fences because they provided the perception that fences kept people with dementia physically safe. This has implications for redressing the balance between physical and emotional safety in policy and practice.     

资本结构与员工劳动生产率

债务作为重要的公司治理手段，可以降低企业、管理层与员工之间的委托代理成本，提高员工劳动生产率.同时，债务水平上升将提高企业破产风险，对企业和员工的人力资本投入与员工劳动生产率可能产生不利影响.以我国1999年一2014年工业企业上市公司为样本，本文不同佑计方法的实证结果均表明企业的债务水平越高，员工劳动生产率越低.在其他因素不变的情况下，企业的财务困境加剧了债务对员工劳动生产率的不利影响;债务对员工劳动生产率的负作用在人力资本依赖度高的公司以及在外部就业环境好的地区更加显著.对于债务与员工劳动生产率作用的中介效应分析与分位数回归结果也说明债务上升可能导致企业人力资本投资下降，对员工劳动生产率产生不利影响.研究为我国“去杠杆”经济政策提供了微观企业层面的经验证据.     

问题与路径:智库评价及中国特色智库评价体系构建

在中国智库朝气蓬勃发展的大背景下，构建具有中国特色的科学合理的智库评价体系，有助于引导各类智库切实深化体制机制改革、完善智库内部治理、推动智库提质增效，进而形成内外兼修健全发展的中国智库生态圈，以高质量的智库产品助推国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设。笔者通过梳理国内外智库评价实践动态与学术研究现状，归纳总结我国智库评价工作存在的现实问题及其成因，并指出它们可能给中国特色新型智库建设带来的影响。由此建议：我国应基于中国经验、中国国情及智库发展建设的实际情况，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，以时代背景为依托，构建中国特色智库评价体系，促进我国智库体系的整体发展。     

Mothering and everyday life during and in the aftermath of domestic violence among women with immigrant backgrounds in Norway

This paper focuses on how immigrant women experience and negotiate their everyday life with children prior to and after leaving a violent partner. Twenty‐three women staying at domestic violence and abuse shelters with their children were interviewed about their experiences with assistance services and their everyday life with their children. At the time of the interviews, most of the women were legally separated or divorced and were either living in or in touch daily with shelters. In this paper, we look at some of the challenges that women face when exposed to violence in a relationship that involves children. Being exposed to violence from a partner raises a number of economic, practical, and emotional concerns, both prior to and after leaving. For the mothers in our study, maintaining a regular routine is key to making the children feel safe in an unpredictable setting. For many, economic dependence on the partner is replaced with economic dependence on assistance services after leaving the partner. Services must recognize that providing help to mothers who have left a violent partner constitutes more than just practical support but is crucial for mothers' ability to re‐establish a predictable everyday life with their children.     

Testing the gender similarities hypothesis: differences in subjective task value and motivation to transfer training

ABSTRACT

Are female and male trainees similar or different in their reaction to training programmes, specifically regarding their subjective task value and motivation to transfer? According to the gender similarities hypothesis, women and men are alike on most psychological variables. However, according to research in organizational behaviour, female and male employees differ on certain aspects, such as their job satisfaction and work identity. To test these two views on gender similarities and differences in the context of human resource development and training evaluation, the present study examined the extent to which gender moderated reactions to training. Based on the expectancy-value theory of motivation and self-determination theory, a web-based questionnaire was used to measure six training reactions: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, perceived relative cost, autonomous motivation to transfer, and controlled motivation to transfer. The results indicated that women and men differed in their ratings of attainment value but were similar for the remaining five reaction measures. These outcomes support the gender similarities hypothesis. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for modelling gender effects in HRD research and their practical significance for promoting training effectiveness and transfer of training.