Analysis of social innovation on social networking services

ABSTRACT

Social network services are allowing more social connectivity and making possible sharing information and knowledge of a different nature. This article analyses if social workers related to active social policies from Malaga province (Spain) are using social network services to share information and knowledge and if there is a mirror between online and offline relationships. Since it is an experimental model, through virtual ethnography and through social network analysis methodology, we observed the presence, connectivity and analysed the structure of relationships that keep 235 professionals from 52 organizations in Facebook®. Moreover, the model uses the statistical technique of modularity for detecting online communities, which are compared with distribution of professionals in their organizations. Results show how social network services applied to social intervention are massively and frequently used by professionals. On the other hand, the detected communities reflect existence of analogy between online and offline relationships. The online structure shows a high degree of cohesion and how certain professionals have higher capacity of influence and diffusion depending on position in the online structure. It argues about the opportunity to incorporate social network services towards social intervention as a manner of social innovation to improve cooperation and diffusion of information and knowledge.     

Arranging sensations: smell and taste in augmented and virtual reality

The development of digital taste and smell underscores the importance of cultural dimensions of bodily perception in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. This can be seen in Vocktail and Season Traveller, two digital devices incorporating taste and smell. Vocktail is an AR technology that augments the experience of drinking water, or even air, through the electrical stimulation of tastebuds and the manipulation of color and smell. Season Traveller is a VR game in which the user moves through four seasonal landscapes. It uses wind, odor, and temperature in addition to the more standard audio-visual displays. The cultural dimensions of these devices can be examined using phenomenological terms. They instigate perceptual circuits, and call on and create sedimented habits. Although VR and AR are often thought of in terms of their similitude to reality, understanding Vocktail and Season Traveller this way illustrates the world-creating dimension of multisensory devices. These technologies structure and shift thresholds of taste and smell, reworking past perceptual styles and habits to develop new perceptual experiences. In so doing, Season Traveller and Vocktail throw to the fore questions about the conditions according to which people exercise their senses in digitally dominated environments.     

大数据与微时代： 虚拟社会公共服务体系的双重建构

大数据与微时代引发了虚拟社会的多重变革，新的服务理念和服务模式呼之欲出，虚拟社会公共服务的走向、模式、内涵正在发生深刻变化。但是受到推送途径、参与机制、数据基础、保障措施等因素的制约，虚拟社会公共服务的质量和效率相对有限，其体系面临着解构与重构。大数据与微时代是当前虚拟社会公共服务体系建构中不可或缺的重要因素，通过培育公共服务精神、推进虚拟社会公共服务均等化发展、强化多元参与主体间的良性互动、完善虚拟社会公共服务体系建构秩序等途径，科学、合理地对其加以运用，将会有效助推虚拟社会公众服务的不断创新和发展。     

顾客认知对品牌心理所有权的影响研究——基于品牌价值观一致性的中介作用

随着社会化媒体的快速发展,顾客选择日趋多样化,提升顾客品牌心理所有权成为理论和实践共同关注的重要课题。虽然学术界关于品牌心理所有权的概念和维度仍存在些许分歧,但品牌心理所有权对品牌及企业的重要性已得到广泛认可。基于社会心理学原理,以虚拟社区为载体实证分析顾客认知因素、品牌价值观一致性、品牌心理所有权三者之间的内在关系,有助于企业深入了解顾客对品牌心理所有权的影响因素,为企业制定正确的营销战略提供理论与实践指导。     

现代范畴理论在词汇领域中的应用

现代范畴理论是认知语言学的理论基础。在词汇教学领域,现代范畴理论为之提供了一个有力的理论支持,它可用于设计词频表,解释词汇变异和一词多义等。     

iConstruct: virtual disabilities in online settings

The present study focused on cultural constructions of disability in virtual settings, examining specifically how cultural constructions of disability were mediated through the use of online technology. This was accomplished by identifying and analyzing Greek Cypriot online news media articles and online readers’ posts in response to these articles. Findings indicated that disability in these online settings mainly reproduced traditional models of disability, with the charity model being more prevalent. However, there were instances in which dominant discourses of disability were ruptured through the introduction of counter-narratives in users’ posts which echoed the human rights model of disability. Implications for the fields of media, education and disability studies are discussed in relation to the possibility of using digital media to contribute to the challenge of critical media literacy to address issues of diversity and disability.     

虚拟社会分层——兼与现实社会分层比较

人类历次科技革命都对社会形态产生了巨大影响,今天信息技术革命对社会形态的显著影响表现为虚拟社会的兴起,使得社会存在两副社会结构:现实社会结构与虚拟社会结构。论题基于社会分层视角,对虚拟社会结构展开实证研究,将虚拟社会结构分为五个阶层,并对照其现实社会分层位置,研究发现虚拟社会分层将那些现实社会底层推向虚拟社会上层,而现实社会上层则处于虚拟社会底层。这种阶层位置倒置对现实社会秩序产生强烈的冲击,这也正是今天社会治理的重要面向。     

Observational practice in virtual worlds: revisiting and expanding the methodological discussion

Virtual worlds, such as World of Warcraft and Second Life, have seen remarkable mainstream uptake in the last decade. Such environments have grown from hosting niche interest groups to providing sites for leisure, business and education for tens of millions of Internet users. Concurrently, a multi-disciplinary research field exploring the application of such spaces has emerged. This article examines in detail one data collection practice – observation in virtual worlds – that has been applied extensively, but without extensive methodological discussion. By revisiting and extending earlier work on this topic, the article presents four key considerations for those conducting observational research in virtual worlds: defining and delimiting field sites, discerning attention, charting actions and attributing intention. It is concluded that researchers must both ward against flawed assumptions about virtual world observation and consider multi-method strategies to overcome limitations in observational data.     

离婚案件网络虚拟财产的分割——以淘宝网店为例

我国《民法总则》明确了网络虚拟财产受法律保护，这是财产保护的一大进步，但是理论和实践中，网络虚拟财产却存在着性质和权属难以确定、分割和继承规则不明确等一系列问题。对涉及淘宝网店财产分割的审判案例进行数据分析，发现审判实践中存在着财产分割没有法律依据、价值难确定、归属不公平的困境。针对这些困境，在对夫妻网络虚拟财产进行分割时要注意保护虚拟财产的特殊性，提前明确共同财产范围，组织多机构联合评估价值，保护人身利益。     

The opportunity to contribute: disability and the digital entrepreneur

ABSTRACT

A range of scholarly work in communications, informatics, and media studies has identified ‘entrepreneurs’ as central to an emerging paradigm of digital labor. Drawing on data from a multi-year research project in the virtual world Second Life, I explore disability experiences of entrepreneurism, focusing on intersections of creativity, risk, and inclusion. Since its founding in 2003, Second Life has witnessed significant disability participation. Many such residents engage in forms of entrepreneurship that destabilize dominant understandings of digital labor. Most make little or no profit; some labor at a loss. Something is being articulated through languages and practices of entrepreneurship, something that challenges the ableist paradigms that still deeply structure both digital socialities and conceptions of labor.

Disability is typically assumed to be incompatible with work, an assumption often reinforced by policies that withdraw benefits from disabled persons whose income exceeds a meagre threshold. Responses to such exclusion appear when disabled persons in Second Life frame ‘entrepreneur’ as a selfhood characterized by creativity and contribution, not just initiative and risk. In navigating structural barriers with regard to income and access, including affordances of the virtual world itself, they implicitly contest reconfigurations of personhood under neoliberalism, where the laboring self becomes framed not as a worker earning an hourly wage, but as a business with the ‘ability’ to sell services. This reveals how digital technology reworks the interplay of selfhood, work, and value – but in ways that remain culturally specific and embedded in forms of inequality.