新文科背景下"大外语"教学改革思路与举措

"大外语"是指大学外语、外语专业和专业外语的总称,是高等外语教育的主要组成部分.在新文科建设的背景下,"大外语"教学关系到人才的培养质量,关系到中国同世界各国的交流互鉴,更关系到中国参与全球治理体系的改革和建设,"大外语"教育教学改革势在必行.文章分析了"大外语"改革的必要性,重新设定了"大外语"人才培养目标,并从人才培养方案、教学模式、课堂设计、人才类型、人才素质和教师发展等方面提出了具体举措,为开展高等外语教育教学改革实践提供参考和借鉴.     

ENERGY USE AND TEMPERATURE HABITUATION: EVIDENCE FROM HIGH FREQUENCY THERMOSTAT USAGE DATA

Using micro‐level thermostat data from 27,000 U.S. households, we analyze how home heating/cooling decisions respond to weather. Responses are greater for extreme heat than for extreme cold and persist for at least 30 days after exposure, due in part to transaction costs but also to changes in intrinsic preferences. Failure to understand habit can lead us to overestimate the impact of short‐term policy nudges but underestimate the long‐run impact of small changes. Higher frequency estimates of how behavior responds to weather improve our understanding of climate adaptation as climate change affects not only mean temperatures but also variances. (JEL C55, D03, Q4)     

Exploring the roles of government involvement and institutional environments in the internationalization of Chinese Internet companies

The interactions between government, institutions, and Internet companies have gained attention in the research on the globalization of China’s Internet. However, few studies have been conducted at the company level, and the knowledge about the roles of government and institutions remains limited. Drawing on institutional theory, this empirical study explored the roles and mechanisms of government involvement and the institutional environment in the internationalization of Chinese Internet companies. The results indicated that government involvement could improve these companies’ degree of international breadth through both state ownership and governmental affiliation. However, the results showed that state ownership had a restraining function on their degree of international depth. In the context of institutional transition in China, these effects could vary according to whether Internet companies operate in good or poor institutional environments. By revealing these relationships, this study contributes to both the theoretical and the empirical understanding of governmental influence and institutional roots in the globalization of China’s Internet.     

Structural Change Monitoring for Random Coefficient Autoregressive Time Series

A monitoring scheme is proposed to sequentially detect a structural change in random coefficient autoregressive time series of order p (RCA(p)) after a training period of size T. It extends structural change monitoring to RCA(p) time series. The asymptotic properties of our monitoring statistic are established under both the null of no change in parameters and the alternative of a change in coefficient. The finite sample properties are investigated by a simulation study.     

一种采用双向有序链表存储的动态编码位图索引方法

位图索引依据其独特的位向量编码方式，在数据检索中得到广泛使用。在对比分析位图索引结构中的简单位图索引和编码位图索引的基础上，提出了一种新的基于双向有序链表存储的动态编码位图索引方法，并给出了这一动态编码位图索引方法在数据插入、删除、更新和检索中的详细算法。最后，进行实验测试。结果表明，所提出的索引方法具有更好的执行效率。     

地方政府权力清单制度法治化研究

地方政府权力清单制度的法治化是通过法律规范地方各级政府及其部门的权力以清单的形式详细清晰地予以公布,并产生强制性的约束力,规范政府的权力边界,要求政府必须按照清单所列权力依法行政,不允许越权执法,旨在制约行政权力,保障公民权利。本文基于行政法定原则、行政公开原则、行政便民原则阐释了地方政府权力清单制度法治化的理论基础,然而,地方政府权力清单制度的实践中仍存在一些问题,应当从权力类型的科学化管理和权力清单范围全覆盖等方面优化权力清单的内容,从权力清单制定主体、权力行使的程序和清单制度的实施方式等方面提供程序性的保障,从权力清单的责任约束和有效监督方面建立刚性制约机制,以此来完善地方政府权力清单制度的法治化,防止行政权力的滥用,推进法治政府的建设。     

产业转型背景下企业的工资激励效应分析

文章基于2012年17个省份不同类型企业的2 229份员工调查数据,运用White异方差一致协方差估计和有序Probit模型,实证分析了在产业转型的大趋势中转型企业的工资激励效应。研究结果表明,转型企业对员工进行了工资激励,国有转型企业的工资激励更为明显。在资源有限的制约下,国有转型企业采用了结构性的效率工资,重点对男性、中年、高学历、工作经验丰富及重要岗位员工给予了高报酬激励,提高了员工的积极性。工资激励、特别是对核心员工的效率工资激励对留住人才、充分调动核心员工的主观能动性至关重要,既可以帮助企业熨平发展的障碍,也能为企业的转型升级带来推动力。     

曾国藩京宦生涯的乡土情结

曾国藩在传统文化和家庭氛围影响下形成了浓厚的乡土情结,贯穿曾国藩一生的乡土情结为其事业和交友产生了深刻的影响。在京为官时期对同乡以及家乡的特别关注,折射出曾国藩浓浓的乡土情结。曾国藩在乡土情结的影响下创建了湘军,为其幕府的建立储备了人才,在乡土情结的感召下与同乡建立了深厚友谊,成就了一生的事业。     

我国农业政策如何取向:例证美农业法案调整

美国2014年农业法案提高补贴效能,注重因地制宜;调控手段更加市场化,有望避免贸易争端;突出了农业保险作用,注重农业风险管理;强化了中长期农业支持,全面提升农业竞争力;更注重政策公平性,充分体现民生取向。该法案启示我们:政策制定重法治、政策取向市场化、风险管理多层次、支持发展可持续等是农业政策的基本演变趋势。我国应加快农业发展规划和立法,加大农业支持力度,改革农业政策手段,减少对市场扭曲,完善农业保险,强化农业风险管理,调整农业政策目标,促进农业可持续发展。