Allegations of child sexual abuse in parenting disputes: An examination of judicial determinations in the Family Court of Australia

This study examined Family Court of Australia (FCA) judicial determinations in parenting disputes when allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) are made by an interested party, usually the mother. For the study, 156 published judgments from 2013–2015 were examined to measure how often allegations of CSA are substantiated, suspected to be true, and disbelieved. The characteristics most common in substantiated versus unsubstantiated cases, evidence of abuse presented, and resulting parenting orders were assessed. Findings indicate that, against international comparisons, FCA judges substantiate cases very conservatively, with rates of substantiation much lower than in other studies. Allegations made by mothers against fathers were disproportionately unsubstantiated, as were those which did not fall under the Magellan case management system. Cases where the only evidence of CSA was a child’s disclosure and parent’s allegation were common in both substantiated and unsubstantiated cases, meaning that a lack of other evidence does not preclude a positive finding of risk of CSA by the FCA. Those cases also involving a protection order against the accused were more likely to be substantiated. Confirmation biases and a judicial tendency to err on the side of false negatives are discussed.     

中日经济发展与消费者法制

国际经济一体化的今天,国与国之间离不开贸易往来,越境交易消费者纠纷难以避免。中国改革开放后与日本二战后的经济发展有着类似的轨迹,而且由于地理位置等原因,中日贸易自古以来就十分频繁,尤其随着近年跨国网购平台的建立及旅游业的发展,两国间消费者纠纷呈上升趋势。解决这些纠纷,创建安全消费环境、实现双方企业共赢成为时下学者们关注之课题。而研究他国消费者法制进程并与本国比较是寻求纠纷解决机制的前提。本论文分别对中国改革开放后及日本战后的经济发展与消费者法制的演进历程进行梳理并比较,总结不同社会制度下消费者保护制度的共同特征及不同之处,以此探求跨国消费者纠纷解决机制的路径。     

中国企业在非洲的劳资纠纷问题研究——以赞比亚中国企业为例

随着中国在非企业的日益增多,不断涌现的劳资纠纷问题已成为各方关注的热点,尤其是非正式用工问题、工资标准问题、福利待遇问题、与工会关系问题、工人权利问题等,都在一定程度上影响到中国企业在非洲的健康发展和国家形象的构建。只有中国政府、中国商会和中资企业相互协调,共同努力,明确企业社会责任,提升企业管理的透明度,才能实现在非中国企业长期、健康的发展。     

2011—2013年某省医患纠纷状况分析及对策研究

目的:了解医患纠纷基本情况,分析其成因与影响,探讨化解医患纠纷的对策,为构建和谐医患关系提供决策参考?方法:收集2011—2013年某省三级医院及部分县级综合医院医患纠纷相关信息并统计分析?结果:医患纠纷数量与赔偿金额逐年攀升,纠纷发生率逐年下降;政府卫生投入不足,资源配置不合理;非医疗技术过失成为医患纠纷的主要原因;医闹频发,伤医?伤财情况不容小觑;以医患双方协商处理为主,外界干扰因素加大公正处理的难度?结论:加快探索分级医疗体系;坚持患者需求至上;实施医疗责任保险制度;出台专业法规防范恶性医闹事件?     

医疗纠纷实证研究与对策探讨——基于对南京市鼓楼区医调委2010—2013年受理案件的分析

目的:探索医疗纠纷发生的特点和规律,为医疗机构防范医疗纠纷提供参考依据?方法:运用一般描述性统计分析方法从纠纷数量年度分布?纠纷个案赔偿金额分布?纠纷在各医疗机构分布?纠纷所涉科室分布?纠纷患者性别?年龄以及纠纷原因构成这七个方面进行分析?结果:医疗纠纷数量平稳,三级医院成为“重灾区”;“经济赔偿”是化解纠纷的关键,且以“1~10万元”赔款最为常见;外科是医疗纠纷最为频发的科室;老年患者和少儿患者是医疗纠纷多发人群;对诊疗效果的不满是医疗纠纷的“导火索”?结论:三级医院应该加强医疗纠纷防范意识,强调“患者参与”的服务理念;对重点科室及重点人群进行重点防范;提高医护人员专业技术水平和与患者有效沟通的水平;增强医疗纠纷人民调解机制的公信力?     

国际税收争议强制仲裁解决机制研究

国际税收强制仲裁解决机制指的是仅当启动条件成就时即适用仲裁程序解决国际税收争议。同传统的MAP相比,强制仲裁解决机制具有效率高、公正性强、裁决结果便于执行等优势。但是,考虑到强制仲裁解决机制受限于MAP、透明度有限、纳税主体参与度不高等不足,以及许多国家对税收主权的担忧,该项制度当前在世界范围内并未被大规模适用。然而,从国际税收强制仲裁解决机制的不断完善以及未来发展趋势来看,其在国际税收争议的解决中将扮演愈发重要的角色。鉴于此,为掌握国际税收争议中的主动权,保障自身合法权益,我国确有必要引入国际税收强制仲裁解决机制。其可行性前提是：明确MAP为强制仲裁的前置程序并规范MAP的相关内容;确定强制仲裁程序的适用范围;阐明作出仲裁裁决的方式;明晰仲裁裁决的效力与执行;赋予纳税主体更多参与仲裁程序的权利。     

面向村落：纠纷解决中的乡土逻辑与法治偏差

现代司法在乡土社会的下沉面临多种力量的制约与阻隔，其下沉的速度、幅度与深度都可能因多方面的原因而呈现出差别迥异的格局。现代法治的下沉所借助的最大推动力并不是政府法治的宣传与推广，也不是司法体制改革的深入与拓展，而是依赖于现代传媒技术的普及等一系列因素。村落纠纷呈现出不同于市民社会纠纷的乡土特质，原因是多方面的。面对纠纷，纠纷主体所考虑的利益与选择的策略是多元的，由此形成了村民所追求的以生存空间的维护为核心的“正义观”。     

法律纠纷多元化解决模式探究——以近现代自贡盐业契约为视角

随着经济的发展、改革的推进和利益格局的调整，法律纠纷呈现出多元化的趋势，应对不同的纠纷应采取不同的解决模式。我国目前的法律纠纷解决模式既有长处也存在不足。中国近现代四川自贡的盐业纠纷解决机制，在当时的社会背景下，对纷繁复杂的盐业纠纷的解决起到了至关重要的作用，对推动盐业经济的发展发挥了积极作用。以我国近现代自贡的盐业契约纠纷为视角，探析盐业纠纷解决的模式，对于建立我国现代法律纠纷的多元化解决机制有着积极的借鉴意义。     

玻耳兹曼对原子的辩护

玻耳兹曼卷入原子的争论,使他从科学转向哲学研究。他对原子辩护的核心思想是H定理涉及时间之矢和概率本性,是关于分子图象和分布函数的可靠发现。回答原子的存在性问题要与原子论研究成果的表达相统一,科学成果解释与机械实在论相一致。     

Researchers experience of misconduct in research in Malaysian higher education institutions

This article offers a qualitative analysis of research misconduct witnessed by researchers during their careers, either by research students or fellow researchers, when conducting or supervising research in their respective departments. Interviews were conducted with 21 participants from various research backgrounds and with a range of research experience, from selected universities in Malaysia. Our study found that misbehavior such as manipulating research data, misrepresentation of research outcomes, plagiarism, authorship disputes, breaching of research protocols, and unethical research management was witnessed by participants among junior and senior researchers, albeit for different reasons. This indicates that despite the steps taken by the institutions to monitor research misconduct, it still occurs in the research community in Malaysian institution of higher education. Therefore, it is important to admit that misconduct still occurs and to create awareness and knowledge of it, particularly among the younger generation of researchers. The study concludes that it is better for researchers to be aware of the behaviors that are considered misconduct as well as the factors that contribute to misconduct to solve this problem.