《镜花缘》“君子国”里“让”与“争”的道德解析

"好让不争"是《镜花缘》君子国里极力加以渲染和"雅化"的道德模式,其最核心、最集中的东西是通过一些"交易光景"展现的。通过对书中几处"交易光景"的解析,认为"好让不争"实质上已变成了"因让而争",这样"让"也就被自身所否定,变成了"不让",虽不是惯常的损人利己性质之争,而是损己利人性质之争,然损己利人与损人利己本是出发点不同,但最后都落实到一个"争"字上,这个"争"字从本质上讲并无高下之分,都是为一己之私而争,都有违"己所不欲勿施与人"的道德要求,于是道德异化为不道德。只不过一是为自己的精神利益,一是为自己的物质利益,形成君子国里的道德悖论。从中也能感受到作者最大的困惑。     

Optimal estimation of a finite population mean under generalized random permutation models

Employing certain generalized random permutation models and a general class of linear estimators of a finite population mean, it is shown that many of the conventional estimators are “optimal” in the sense of minimum average mean square error. Simple proofs are provided by using a well-known theorem on UMV estimation. The results also cover certain simple response error situations.     

悖论的拟化形式

在悖论问题的研究中 ,正确地地区分严格悖论和非严格悖论 ,对悖论问题的解决无疑具有十分重要的意义。本文对非严格悖论的一种重要类型 ,“悖论的拟化形式” (imitationofparadox)作了探讨 ,指出拟化形式实质上包括三种类型 ,一 ,如张建军先生所言 ,缺乏“公认正确的背景知识” ;二 ,缺乏“同等有力的逻辑证明” ;三 ,同时缺乏前两者     

Guanxilization or categorization: psychological mechanisms contributing to the formation of the Chinese concept of “us”

中国社会心理学在面对急速的社会变迁中，需要以变迁与文化的视角来选择研究 问题，而中国社会文化中群己关系的社会心理机制，即“我们”概念的形成机制及其 转换的可能与条件，正是一个体现着双重视角的基本问题。对这一问题的探讨不仅有 助于解释社会凝聚力、群体行动的逻辑，讨论国家与个人、社会与个人、类别与个人 的关系；也有助于培植社会转型时期的社会心理资源和社会支持系统，从而促进社会 合作。与以往单一机制的分析框架不同，通过对两个个案的讨论，研究提出了一个 新的分析框架，即：中国人“我们”概念是在社会情境的启动和价值取向等因素影响之 下，经由相互交织的“关系化”与“类别化”双重过程形成的。

关键词: “我们”?概念?群己关系?关系?关系化?类别化

Faced with rapid social transformation, the discipline of social psychology in China needs to choose its research topics from the perspective of both change and culture. A basic issue reflecting precisely these two perspectives is that of the formation of the social psychology mechanism of individual‐group relations, namely the formation of the concept of “us” in Chinese society and culture, as well as the possibility and conditions for the transformation of this mechanism. Exploring this issue will not only help us to understand social cohesion and the logic of group behavior and to discuss the relationship between the state and the individual, society and the individual, and the category and the individual; it will also help cultivate social psychology resources and support systems at a time of social transition, and thus promote social cooperation.. Unlike previous analytical studies that focused on a unitary mechanism, this study uses the discussion of two cases to put forward a new framework for analysis: that is, the Chinese concept of “us” comes into being through the mingling of “guanxilization” and “categorization” under the influence of social context priming, value orientation and other factors.     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

金融深化与经济增长：西部地区“悖论”的实证

西部地区的金融深化似乎并没有有效促进该地区的经济增长，运用协整理论、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验实证分析的结果也表明西部金融深化与经济增长之间确实存在着“悖论”。“悖论”出现的原因是西部地区金融深化难以有效积累资本，并且该地区经济投资效率低下。必须积极推进西部金融体制改革，提高西部金融业的运作效率。加大对西部地区的财政金融支持力度，提升西部产业结构层次，大力发展非国有经济，才能使西部金融深化有效促进该地区经济增长。     

“合”与“散”的尴尬：——庞德的文学理论观一瞥

美国著名诗人埃兹拉.庞德常常被指责其关于＂合＂与＂散＂,＂统一＂与＂多样＂,＂单元化＂与＂多元化＂的概念混淆不清,这主要体现在他的文学、政治、经济和宗教等方面悖论式的理论阐释及其生活中的所作所为。其实庞德的这种尴尬可以通过其表意图形文字的运用以及理论得以化解,最终得知庞德的＂合/散＂悖论实为一种对立统一的形式。     

突破理论与审美阅读经验为敌的困境——《论文学性》课堂实录之一

否定文学性的西方文论可能有历史价值,一旦“自我关涉”,就暴露出致命的悖论。理论的抽象性决定了它必然与阅读过程中的审美体验为敌。这不仅是西方文论,而且是一切文艺理论的弱点。只有饱和的审美阅读体验才能给理论以生命。理论如果不能阐明审美体验,是病态的,苍白的。本文通过对贺之章的《咏柳》和《武松打虎》的微观分析,说明审美阅读的任务并不是为理论做附庸,而是和理论做搏斗,只有拥有审美体验的优势才能对理论进行同化、征服,甚至颠覆。每一次阅读,应该是一次审美的精神创造和升华。     

城市空间架构的文化维度

人类面对来自自身和环境的双重压力和挑战,无法回避城市化进程中的历史悖论,从城市空间架构的文化维度来审视城市的建设和发展,将具有重要的现实意义。城市文化空间由城市传统文化的历史空间、城市现实文化的多元化格局以及城市未来文化的伸展空间等方面构成,城市文化空间架构应注意城市空间的文化的绵延性、空间展开的多样性及其超时空性。