科学执政、民主执政中的依法执政基本途径

依法执政或依法行政,作为执政方式最为直接、最为具体的基本实践环节或途径,在相当范围内反映着科学执政、民主执政的实现程度。这取决于《行政许可法》不打折扣地坚决实施,政府的依法执政职能方式从重管制向重服务转变;职能范围从“全能”向“有限”回归;职能性质由“专断”走向真正“民主”;职能习惯从主观随意转向严格的法治。     

关系化用工:农业规模经营的社会基础

农业规模经营是中国乡村振兴进程中的关键议题。农业规模经营在快速发展的同时也呈现出用工效益的差异,从而使一些规模农业经营主体陷入困境。采用嵌入性视角探讨农业规模经营中用工模式嵌入社会关系的逻辑及其影响。研究发现,农业规模经营陷入困境的主要原因在于市场化用工无法有效解决农业规模经营中的劳动监督问题。而将市场规则嵌入关系规则的关系化用工使得雇佣双方产生了利他倾向,进而在很大程度上调动了工人内在的劳动积极性,从而使农业规模经营主体摆脱经营失败困境。关系化用工的实现依赖于农业规模经营主体在用工选择、生产管理和日常生活中充分发挥社会关系的积极作用,但社会关系范围和程度都是有限度的。因此,农业规模经营的健康发展不仅需要处理好经济关系,而且需要处理好社会关系。     

On the effectiveness of cognitive feedback from an interface agent

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of task information (TI) provided by an interface agent during the idea evaluation and integration step of the problem formulation stage of the problem solving process. The effectiveness assessment was based on solving diagnostic decision problems in the domain of complex industrial machinery. Ten domain experts participated in this study. Decision support was provided by a case-based reasoning system. Findings suggest that TI provided by the interface agent had no effect on the decision maker's performance, nor on the associated cognitive effort. However, a verbal protocol analysis revealed that the ten subjects used the interface agent to verify their decision processes. The results and their implications are discussed with respect to current findings in the area of decision support systems.     

“以农立国”还是“以工立国”？——民国时期立国之争的再思考

20世纪二三十年代,中国出现了一次关于“何以立国”的争论,争论的核心是“以工立国”还是“以农立国”。此次争论包括了耳熟能详的一些经济学家、哲学家、政治家等社会名流,以章士钊为代表的“守旧派”、梁漱溟、晏阳初等乡村建设运动者为代表的“改良派”和以董时进为代表的“创新派”坚持“以农立国”,他们的出发点是中国对于农国地位以及农国精神的维护;吴景超、张培刚、孙倬章则是“以工立国”派的重要拥趸,他们主要着眼于现实,提出只有建立强大的工业基础才能挽救民族于危亡之中。此外“非名流”乃至“草根”阶级也参与到了论战中,与他们相比,“名流”论战者有着更为宏观、全局性和深层次的把握。传统认为“工农之争”的论战以“以工立国”派的胜利而告终,然而从不同的视角看,“以农立国”的观点不无道理,甚至对于现阶段经济的发展仍有指导意义。     

学校本位教学视导模式的实证研究——以兰州市E中学为例

本研究目的在于通过对兰州市E中学施行的学校本位教学视导模式的深入观察,全方位了解学校本位教学视导模式的具体运作方式。以兰州市一所薄弱学校为研究场域,通过课堂观察的方式,全面了解学校为提高办学质量所开展的“学案分组教学法”,及进行学校本位化视导模式的具体运作状态。在兰州市E中学开展学校本位教学视导模式的过程中,学校校长与某大学教育学院课程与教学领域的教授专家参与视导过程。主要采取校长主导,专家参与的合作视导方式,对兰州市E中学初中二年级屈老师数学课进行为期一周的教学观察与记录。实施以学校为本位的合作视导方式,目的在于发现兰州市E中学进行“学案分组教学法”中的具体教学问题,通过大学与中学的合作,开展学校本位视导模式,有效促进教师的专业发展与增强教学有效性,提高学校办学质量。     

立案登记制改革:理论基础、运行困境与路径优化

2015年5月1日起中国正式实施立案登记制,将案件受理制度由审查制改为登记制,这符合当事人诉权保障的趋势和需求.立案登记制具备诉权保障的功能,可以多维度地践行诉权保障理念,但同时也带来了实践中的滥诉和法院案件数剧增等现实挑战.司法权的属性决定了司法的有限性,其不能解决所有社会纠纷.当立案登记制给审判实践带来的挑战遭遇司法有限性时,势必出现一定程度的冲突.为了平衡这种冲突,需从以下方面进一步优化立案登记制的改革路径:明确立案过程中登记与审查的关系;制定和实施受案范围的负面清单;健全减少需求供给的配套措施;推进立案环节案件的甄别分流;构建滥诉的惩治与防范机制;减少非司法负担对法官职业化的影响.     

Using Technology to Facilitate Collaboration in Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)

This study explores the use of Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) technologies, by way of a computer-based system called iCohere. This system was used to facilitate collaboration conducting Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR). Data was gathered from 13 members of a Community Collaborative Board (CCB). Analysis revealed that iCohere served the following functions: facilitating communication, providing a depository for information and resource sharing, and allowing for remote meeting attendance. Results indicated that while iCohere was useful in performing these functions, less expensive technologies had the potential to achieve similar goals if properly implemented. Implications for future research on CSCW systems and CBPR are discussed.     

Building a partnership for social service delivery in Indonesia: state and faith‐based organisations

Contrary to the secularisation processes in modernisation theory, religions and faith‐based organisations (FBOs) are thriving in contemporary Indonesia. Strongly supported by community members, religious organisations have begun to extend their services beyond the traditional areas of education and health to operate in disaster relief and poverty alleviation programmes. These FBOs have been offering assistance to the disadvantaged whose needs have not been adequately met by the state. Social programmes run by the FBOs are an important safety net at the grass‐roots level in Indonesia; how to effectively coordinate and offer such services are important social policy issues. This paper will show that the Indonesian Government is keen to remain the key provider of social services and often perceives the services of FBOs as a threat. Some recent state policies to regulate the funding sources of Islamic organisations have posed a significant logistical challenge for their future operation. In addition, theological differences across various religious groups have made it difficult to form inclusive and extensive partnerships among the FBOs, who tend to compete with each another resulting in rivalry. These socio‐political contexts have limited the formation of effective partnerships for offering coordinated social services.     

Agreement and discrepancy between children,parents, and social workers on school‐based effort avoidance in child welfare services

A multiperspective approach is beneficial for obtaining reliable and multifaceted pictures of child behaviour problems. The goal of the present study is to examine interrater agreement on school‐based effort avoidance between children receiving child welfare services, parents, and social workers. Given previous findings, interrater agreement is expected to be low. Self‐reported data on school‐based effort avoidance were gathered for children and adolescents in child welfare services. Additionally, social workers (using the Teacher‐Report Checklist for social and learning behaviour) and parents (using the parallel version of the self‐rating questionnaire on school‐based effort avoidance) were asked to complete an external assessment tool to compare children's perspectives with the ratings of significant adults. The results confirmed significant discrepancies between parents' and children's ratings on effort avoidance tendencies. Furthermore, there were only small to moderate correlations between children's self‐ratings and the adults' assessments; however, the consensus between adults was higher than the interrater agreement between children and social workers. Discrepancies in ratings from multiple informants underline the importance of integrating multiple perspectives, especially children's perspectives, in the diagnostic process in order to plan and adapt appropriate care and treatment.