从《漂泊的屋顶》看深化当代城市创作中的困惑--兼评作品中李大谟这一人物形象

作者老虎和有的评论者都强调长篇小说<漂泊的屋顶>最大的突破点在于直面生活在城市底层的农村户籍的生活与情感的真实状况.但从对作品中李大谟的细读分析可见,作家的创作意图与创作的文本之间有缝隙,这不仅让我们看到在塑造李大谟时作家既想表现自己,又要掩饰真实的自己的内心矛盾和局促,也使我们感到弱势群体要想发出自己的声音所面临的沉重与无奈.     

解决农村贫困问题与全面建设小康社会

解决农村贫困问题的途径在于:对现有的扶贫方式予以创新;加强贫困地区的基础设施建设;注重提高贫困人口的素质;切实减轻农民负担;加快城镇化进程,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动;引导贫困人口主动参与扶贫活动。     

我国企业家队伍建设问题探讨

企业家的角色主要定位于企业的决策者、企业的创新者,企业风险的承担者。我国企业家队伍随着改革开放与市场经济发展起来,基本现状为:队伍不断发展壮大,成长环境不断改善提高;才能得到发挥,价值得到一定体现;但部分企业家自身素质依然低下。问题形成主要来自于三大机制因素:选拔任用机制不健全;监督约束机制不健全;激励机制不完善。解决问题的关键当然在于三大缺陷机制的健全完善,加强对企业家与世贸规则接轨的素质的全面培训。     

试析梁启超对朝鲜灭亡原因的探讨

目睹朝鲜一步一步被日本吞并的悲剧,梁启超认为,朝鲜国内腐朽的封建专制制度及落后的国民性是导致这一悲剧发生的根本原因。梁启超的分析为激发当时朝鲜民众奋起反抗日本侵略,争取民族独立提供了重要的思想力量,也为近代中国风起云涌的启蒙与救亡运动提供了一面镜子。     

强国富民:中国民主党派政治选择的价值取向

20世纪40年代中国民主党派选择与中国共产党合作,共同推翻蒋介石国民党政权的统治。中国民主党派的这一政治选择不仅原于国民党的独裁统治、中国共产党的统一战线政策、中国民主党派自身的先进性等政治层面的因素,更蕴涵着价值取向层面的因素——对强国富民这一理想的不懈追求。对这一历史问题的探讨,不仅对中国民主党派史的研究具有学术价值,而且对今天的执政党——中国共产党有着重要的历史启示。     

“以农立国”还是“以工立国”？——民国时期立国之争的再思考

20世纪二三十年代,中国出现了一次关于“何以立国”的争论,争论的核心是“以工立国”还是“以农立国”。此次争论包括了耳熟能详的一些经济学家、哲学家、政治家等社会名流,以章士钊为代表的“守旧派”、梁漱溟、晏阳初等乡村建设运动者为代表的“改良派”和以董时进为代表的“创新派”坚持“以农立国”,他们的出发点是中国对于农国地位以及农国精神的维护;吴景超、张培刚、孙倬章则是“以工立国”派的重要拥趸,他们主要着眼于现实,提出只有建立强大的工业基础才能挽救民族于危亡之中。此外“非名流”乃至“草根”阶级也参与到了论战中,与他们相比,“名流”论战者有着更为宏观、全局性和深层次的把握。传统认为“工农之争”的论战以“以工立国”派的胜利而告终,然而从不同的视角看,“以农立国”的观点不无道理,甚至对于现阶段经济的发展仍有指导意义。     

Children in immediate danger: Emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of front‐line practices regarding emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection. It examines how the responses to children's immediate danger are framed by legislation and how front‐line practitioners assess the child's situation and make emergency placement decisions. The data consist of interviews with 16 Irish and 33 Finnish social workers. These child welfare protection systems respond differently to a task that appears to be similar. The Irish team‐based practice rests on the social workers' shared assessment of the child's needs, and the formal decision is made by the courts (or police officers at night‐time); and the Finnish practice involves only one single social worker who makes both the assessment and the removal decision. The Irish system is tightly time regulated, whereas the Finnish system provides a more flexible time frame. Both approaches put a lot of stress on social workers' practice, which also includes creative workarounds (e.g., “planned emergency removals” in Finland). Future research will need to explore these features from the point of view of a child's right to protection.     

Quality of work and job satisfaction: comparing female part-time work in four European countries

Adding to the debate on the integrative or marginalizing nature of female part-time work, this article provides a comparative analysis of the implications of female part-time work for different intrinsic job quality dimensions and job satisfaction. Drawing on national micro-data from Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, our multivariate analyses show cross-national similarities in terms of lower job learning opportunities for female part-timers. We found a significantly higher incidence of repetitiveness only among Swedish female part-timers and lower degrees of task discretion among British, Dutch, and Swedish women working part-time hours. Female part-timers were either equally satisfied with their work as female full-timers or even more satisfied. This held true also after accounting for the lower intrinsic job quality of part-time work. While women working part-time hours were as affected by their job quality characteristics as were full-timers, we conclude that the shorter hours of work per se provide an important additional source of job satisfaction.     

Women's participation in self‐help groups as a pathway to women's empowerment: A case of Nepal

Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and the government of Nepal have made some effort to reduce poverty in Nepal by creating women's affiliation groups, some of which are micro‐credit organizations. Using capabilities as defined by Amartya Sen (Development as freedom, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000), which includes employment opportunities, women's ownership in productive resources such as land and/or homes, educational opportunities, and women's participation in decision‐making in the family, this study evaluated the extent to which women's ethnic group or caste affiliation affected a woman's likelihood of being empowered by participation in these groups. We analyzed a sample of 8,973 women which was taken from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Previous research has demonstrated that participation in gender‐based groups is correlated with higher economic status. This study adds to the literature on women's affiliation groups by investigating the impact of structural factors, such as caste and ethnicity, on women's self‐help group participation (women's groups and credit groups).     

亡宋流人家铉翁的家国情怀

宋元易代之际，家铉翁作为祈请使，被元朝羁縻北方十九年，南归时已年逾八十。今存其创作几乎全作于羁北期间，以抒发故乡之思、故国之念和坚守之志而深切动人，从中体现出深厚的家国情怀。其诗文多以乡国之思蕴涵黍离之悲，以前朝遗民流寓之身，亡国之恨不便于直接表达之故也。