综合性大学与医学类院校学生无偿献血的动因比较研究

以南京某综合性大学和某医学院校为例,比较两类学校学生在无偿献血认知、献血参与态度及献血动机方面的差异。通过文献研究、专家咨询及焦点小组评分编制调查问卷。认知差异比较采用卡方检验,态度和动机差异采用t检验。综合性大学学生对无偿献血的认知水平较低。医学类院校学生在献血参与态度方面的得分较高,二者在献血感受上无差异。献血动机方面,医学类院校学生献血的利他性得分较高,在两校暂未献血人群中,医学类院校学生自我效能型和献血奖励型动机得分更高。需加强对综合性大学学生献血知识的普及,根据态度及动机差异采取有针对性的献血宣传及招募。     

明清俗语辞书中词的理据研究的特点、角度与不足

理据是确定词的音义关系的依据。明清俗语辞书中关于词的理据研究的内容较多,值得学界重视。明清俗语辞书中的理据研究的特点是关注词的社会性、注重分析复合词的理据、批评流俗词源;其研究分别是从字义、语音、同源词与事物属性等不同角度进行的;其不足是存在一些缺失与存疑的情况。     

大学生道德动机对道德判断与反社会行为的调节效应研究

以410名学业不良或在校有打架斗殴行为的大学生为调查对象,采用问卷调查法探讨大学生道德动机在道德判断与反社会行为之间的调节效应.研究结果发现:(1)大学生反社会行为与道德判断、道德动机相关显著,反社会行为与个人利益呈显著正相关,与维持规范、后习俗水平、公民意识、无私和道德同一性呈显著负相关;(2)在对大学生反社会行为的预测中,大学生道德判断预测力高于道德动机预测力,其中个人利益在预测个体反社会行为上占主体成分;(3)在道德判断对大学生反社会行为的影响中,道德动机起着部分调节效应.文章依据研究结论提出相应的建议,以预防大学生反社会行为的发生.     

Transformational leadership and optimal functioning at work: On the mediating role of employees' perceived job characteristics and motivation

This study aimed to deepen our understanding of the motivational mechanisms involved in the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee functioning. Drawing on the TFL literature, the job demands–resources model and self-determination theory, we propose an integrative model that relates TFL to employee psychological health (burnout and psychological distress), attitudes (occupational commitment and turnover intention) and performance (professional efficacy, self-reported individual and objective organizational performance) through two explanatory mechanisms: perceived job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee motivation (autonomous and controlled). This research was conducted in two occupational settings (nurses and school principals), using a distinct variable operationalization for each. Results of both studies provide support for the hypothesized model, suggesting that TFL relates to optimal job functioning (psychological health, job attitudes and performance) by contributing to favourable perceptions of job characteristics (more resources and less demands) and high-quality work motivation (more autonomous motivation and less controlled motivation) in employees. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications as well as directions for future research are presented.     

On the psychological and motivational processes linking job characteristics to employee functioning: Insights from self-determination theory

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the differential relationships between job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee functioning by examining the psychological and motivational processes involved. Drawing on self-determination theory, we tested a model in which job demands are positively related to negative manifestations of employee functioning (psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints) through psychological need frustration and low-quality work motivation (controlled motivation), whereas job resources are positively related to positive manifestations of employee functioning (work engagement and job performance) through need satisfaction and high-quality work motivation (autonomous motivation). Data were collected from 699 Canadian nurses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results support the proposed model: psychological needs and work motivation partially mediated the relationship between job characteristics and employee functioning. Specifically, job demands negatively predicted employee functioning (high distress and psychosomatic complaints, low engagement and performance) through need frustration and controlled motivation. In contrast, while positively predicting need satisfaction and negatively predicting need frustration, job resources fostered optimal work motivation (more autonomous and less controlled motivation) and employee functioning. The implications for self-determination theory (SDT) and research on occupational health and stress are discussed.     

对《大学医学英语》教学现状的反思

对《大学医学英语》的教学现状进行观察、调查和反思之后,我们发现:课堂教学效果不佳的根本原因是学生的学习动力不足。因此,努力营造一种"医文结合,文理渗透"的学习环境与氛围,使"厌烦"和"不喜欢"《大学医学英语》的医学生"喜欢"甚至"酷爱"这门课,是师生共同走出"尴尬"局面的最佳出路。     

学习动机与网络教学关系研究

教师应充分调动和激发学习者内在动机和外在动机,而网络英语学习环境便能强化学生的学习动机。     

激发学生的学习动机促进学习者自主发展

动机是影响外语学习者自主学习的重要因素之一。教师在培养学习者自主能力中,应充分调动和激发学习者内在动机和外在动机,促进学习者自主学习。     

公司引入股票期权制度研究

股票期权制度作为企业经理人股权激励的一种方式,近些年已被我国一些公司付诸实践,但在实践中却出现了各种问题。由于股票期权是从西方引进的一种制度,其实施环境与我国公司有一定差异。这就要求我们对股票期权制本身以及在我国的应用中遇到的问题有一个全面的了解。本文分析了我国公司引入股票期权制度的情况,探讨了股票期权的现实问题及对策,以期对公司激励机制的建设有所借鉴。     

关于历史主体性根源的哲学思考

历史唯物主义体系创新研究的最大难点之一,是如何说明历史过程的能动性根源。旧唯物主义立足于客体的角度,唯心主义立足于主观角度,他们都离开了人的存在、人的需要、人的活动,因此都不能唯物地说明历史发展的能动性根源,即没有找到历史唯物主义的真正的“物”。本文从需要与生产、需要与历史、需要的社会性与历史性、需要与利益、需要与行为规律、需要与价值追求、需要与人的全面生产等角度,全面揭示了人类历史能动性根源,以此确立人类历史的生存论基础。