茶禅论

禅,是中国禅宗的一种思维方法;茶禅,乃是以茶参禅的一种人文境界,一种艺术境界。茶禅联姻,以“天人合一”为哲学基础,是中国茶文化史上一种独特的文化现象。关于“茶禅一味”的总体研究,应该是中国茶文化研究和佛教文化研究共同关注的重大命题,然而至今尚无甚创见。     

Risk attitudes and risky behavior

In economic theory, risk aversion is a characteristic of the typical utility function of money. Observations of how people deal with risks in real life have cast some doubts on the prevalence of risk aversion. People buy insurance, but they also gamble and take investment risks. Many of the conclusions in the discussions of utility derive from experiments employing some kind of lottery choices. While the experiments have given interesting ideas for theory, there has been little testing of the extent to which the obtained measures of risk attitudes correlate with actual behavior. Data from the VSB panel were used to answer three questions: (1) Can hypothetical risky choice questions be meaningfully answered by ordinary survey respondents? (2) What are the relationships between different measures of risk attitudes and actual portfolio choices of risky assets? (3) What is the relationship between risk attitude and playing in lotteries, lotto, etc.?     

唐代小说作者类属分析

唐代 ,是“始有意为小说”的时期。受当时“尚奇好异”思想影响 ,人们乐于创作、编辑、传播小说 ,从而促成了唐代小说的空前繁荣。唐代小说不但质高量丰 ,且多署有作者真实姓名 (或不难考定姓名 ) ,这与古代其他时期的情形大不相同。以唐代小说作者为对象、以其“身份”、“类属”为范围作一梳理 ,从中可见唐人小说繁荣因缘根基之一斑。     

Convexity-based clustering criteria: theory,algorithms, and applications in statistics

This paper deals with the construction of optimum partitions of for a clustering criterion which is based on a convex function of the class centroids as a generalization of the classical SSQ clustering criterion for n data points. We formulate a dual optimality problem involving two sets of variables and derive a maximum-support-plane (MSP) algorithm for constructing a (sub-)optimum partition as a generalized k-means algorithm. We present various modifications of the basic criterion and describe the corresponding MSP algorithm. It is shown that the method can also be used for solving optimality problems in classical statistics (maximizing Csiszárs -divergence) and for simultaneous classification of the rows and columns of a contingency table.     

Conditional Generalized Liouville Distributions on the Simplex

Liouville and generalized Liouville distributions on the simplex have been proposed for modeling compositional data and have been shown to be free from the extreme independence structure that characterizes the Dirichlet class. In this article, generalized Liouville distributions are shown to be rich enough to distinguish some lesser modes of independence as well. Unfortunately, it is noted that the applicability of the Liouville family will be limited, owing to the lack of invariance with respect to the chosen fill-up value. As an alternative, a new family of simplex distributions is proposed, one that admits invariance with respect to choice of fill-up value, as well as the ability to differentiate among many forms of independence.     

The cost of children: May the collective approach to household behavior help?

The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour. Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998     

Personal income taxation under mobility, exogenous and endogenous welfare weights, and asymmetric information

This paper analyses how governments should tax labour income accruing to a group of highly skilled and geographically mobile individuals who divide their time or career between several jurisdictions. The analysis differs from previous models on migration and taxation by addressing optimal regulation when agents work for several principals. Optimal taxation is developed for social welfare functions with exogenous and endogenous welfare weights. Marginal income taxes are applied for screening purposes, and the rates are lower with endogenous than with exogenous welfare weights. Received: 22 January 1998/Accepted: 3 July 1999)     

可持续发展的产业分类理论——立体产业分类理论

本世纪 60年代以来 ,自然资源产业、环保产业、高新技术产业 (包括信息产业 )等新兴产业迅速发展 ,其对可持续发展的促进作用 ,已经为各国经济发展的实践所证明 ,也给产业经济研究提出了现实的问题。传统产业分类理论没有对新兴产业的内涵、归属及其在产业结构中的地位等加以揭示 ,使得建立在传统产业分类理论基础上的产业结构演进理论解释现象、指导经济实践的能力减弱。作者在深入分析传统产业分类理论的局限的基础上 ,提出可持续发展的产业分类理论     

Welfare generosity, pregnancies and abortions among unmarried AFDC recipients

Even before the 1996 overhaul of the U.S. welfare system, a number of states had ended the practice of paying extra benefits to families who have additional children while receiving welfare. Proponents believe that this reform can reduce births to recipients, however many worry that it may encourage women to obtain abortions. Using a sample of unmarried AFDC recipients from the NLSY, we estimate a bivariate probit model of pregnancy and, conditional on becoming pregnant, the probability of abortion. Our results lend some support for the proposition that reducing incremental AFDC benefits will decrease pregnancies without increasing abortions. Received: 16 April 1998/Accepted: 11 March 1999     

中国干群矛盾的类别、发展趋势及缓解机制研究

干群矛盾是中国社会矛盾中最特别、最具有爆炸性的类型,全面解析干群矛盾是社会矛盾预警及治理的重要环节.文章从性质、主体、地域、表现形式、发展阶段、激烈程度等方面对干群矛盾进行分类,把握其发展的现状,概括出具有普遍性、局部激化、振荡调整、危害性大等特征,指出主要诱因包括政治利益冲突、经济利益冲突和情感利益冲突.预测其发展趋势将更为激烈.而且成为其他社会矛盾演化成大规模冲突的催化剂.提出了"一个中心三个层面"、预警机制、综合控制机制等缓解、化解干群矛盾的机制.