The Use of Telematics Devices to Improve Automobile Insurance Rates

Most automobile insurance databases contain a large number of policyholders with zero claims. This high frequency of zeros may reflect the fact that some insureds make little use of their vehicle, or that they do not wish to make a claim for small accidents in order to avoid an increase in their premium, but it might also be because of good driving. We analyze information on exposure to risk and driving habits using telematics data from a pay‐as‐you‐drive sample of insureds. We include distance traveled per year as part of an offset in a zero‐inflated Poisson model to predict the excess of zeros. We show the existence of a learning effect for large values of distance traveled, so that longer driving should result in higher premiums, but there should be a discount for drivers who accumulate longer distances over time due to the increased proportion of zero claims. We confirm that speed limit violations and driving in urban areas increase the expected number of accident claims. We discuss how telematics information can be used to design better insurance and to improve traffic safety.     

消费者网评使用习惯对网评效应的影响研究---网评奖励效果的中介和调节效应探索*

本文以网购旅游者为调查对象，分析其网评使用习惯及其在网评奖励效果作用下对网络评论效用发挥的影响。通过问卷调查和数据分析发现，网评使用习惯和网评奖励效果都对网评效应具有显著正向影响，但网评使用习惯的影响力大于网评奖励效果。同时，网评奖励效果对网评使用习惯与网评效应间的关系具有显著负向调节效应，它削弱了消费者网评使用习惯对网评效应的影响；但消费者的网评使用习惯不通过网站的网评奖励效果对网评效应发挥作用，网评奖励效果不具有中介作用。可见，在网评使用习惯、网评奖励效果和网评效应三者关系中，网评使用习惯是个独立的影响因素，它并不通过网评奖励效果发挥作用，并且由于网评奖励效果的加入，反而削弱了网评使用习惯对网评效应的影响。研究结论表明，对于网评奖励政策的效果，需要客观辩证地看待，不应一味夸大。     

公司高级管理人员解雇保护问题研究——以《劳动合同法》第48条为视角

在我国,由于劳动法和公司法内容的冲突以及公司高级管理人员在现有劳动法语境下身份的特殊性,导致了不同法院对于劳动合同违法解除后劳动合同继续履行与否的判决并不一致。高级管理人员并不完全具有劳动法上劳动者人格和经济上的从属性,因而其不应该获得完全的与普通劳动者相同的倾斜保护。而且,高级管理人员被解聘后,因为岗位的重要性,公司往往会迅速找人代替;由于岗位数量稀缺性和要求的专业性,高级管理人员要求恢复原岗位的要求在实践中难以满足。因此,法院在适用《劳动合同法》第48条时,不应支持被解除职务的高管的复职请求,而应采用其他救济方式。     

国际私法上意思自治与国际贸易惯例

根据国际私法的传统理论,当事人选择的准据法只能是国内法.但随着国际经济贸易交往的日益发展,国际贸易惯例的作用越来越大.作为非国内法的国际贸易惯例能否成为当事人选择的准据法,便成为国际私法学界争论的焦点.文章在解析国际贸易惯例的基础上,对当事人是否可以选择国际贸易惯例作为准据法,从国际私法理论的发展及国际贸易惯例的完善两方面进行了论证,并以各国的实践为佐证,分析了国际贸易惯例可以作为当事人选择的准据法的可行性.     

Information society and digital divide in South Africa: results of longitudinal surveys

Integration into the information society implies that information plays an increasingly important role in all sectors of society and holds distinct social and economic benefits. Discourses on the information society are, however, also associated with the digital divide and inequalities in access to and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Within sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is often regarded as one of the most information-integrated societies due to widespread mobile phone ownership, among other things. However, while ICT access has been emphasized, research also points to the role of demographic, socio-economic and cultural factors such as ethnicity, income, education and gender. This article discusses the results of questionnaire surveys conducted by Afrobarometer among probability South African samples in 2008 and 2011. The results indicate that individual Internet use and mobile Internet access were lower than estimated in the literature. Furthermore, gender gaps, as well as considerable gaps between population groups and educational levels, were found in Internet and computer use, mobile ownership and access to mobile Internet and accessing news via the Internet. Conclusions regarding strategies for bridging the digital divide and integrating South Africa into the information society are discussed.     

Spatial Data Usage,Spatial Thinking and Spatial Knowledge Generation: The Case of Planning Practitioners in Arequipa,Peru

Spatial thinking and spatial knowledge generation in decision-making are still not mature fields of study in planning research, despite these being crucial elements in addressing the issues of the twenty-first-century city. This article contributes to their understanding by exploring their interrelationships with spatial data usage. Through storylines, it analyzes the arguments that planning practitioners offer in support of infrastructure-led decisions in Arequipa (Peru), before and after spatial data usage. The article concludes that spatial data usage improve spatial thinking to different extents, yet suggests aligning spatial data generation and the inclusion of GIS-based spatial analyses with the spatial knowledge needed by routine planning practice.     

西南民族大学金·史密斯藏学文献馆的建馆历程

著名藏学家金·史密斯先生用一生的时间从事藏文文献的保护工作，在藏文文献的收集、整理、研究、利用等领域做出了巨大的贡献，为后人留下了大量的藏文文献。他在美国纽约建立了藏传佛教文献资料中心（简称：TBRC），大量的藏文文献在国内、外藏学界利用起来。同时他也是把藏文文献的原件从国外捐赠给中国的第一位外国藏学家，2012年12月，历时5年的藏文纸质文献的捐赠工作顺利完成。本论文对金·史密斯先生建立TBRC的具体情况，捐赠纸质文献给西南民族大学的事件，西南民族大学金·史密斯藏学文献馆建馆历程等内容进行梳理，以此来缅怀为藏文文献的保护工作付出一生的美国藏学家。     

“otherwise”在法律英语文本中的用法和译法

法律英语由于其自身严密性、准确性等特点,形成了一些固定的程式化句式。otherwise作为一个常用词,它与其他词汇一起形成一些固定的句式结构。经过长期的翻译实践,这些句式结构在汉语中也有一些固定的结构与之相对应。     

一个法律难题的诊断：美国药品缺陷的判断标准——美国第三次侵权法重述关于处方药缺陷之规定的评述与启示

药品在美国被认为是一种不可避免的不安全产品,有关其缺陷的概念及其判断标准与一般产品相比皆有其特殊性。美国第三次侵权法重述把药品缺陷分为制造缺陷、设计缺陷、使用说明或警示缺陷,并就其各自不同的判断标准做出了详细的评注,极大地方便了诉讼中的法律适用。我国目前药品侵权事件频发,而现有法律关于缺陷的规定值得商榷的地方仍然很多,造成了实践中药品缺陷认定的困惑,因此探讨美国在药品缺陷判断上的法律理论与判例经验,可以对我国相关制度的确立有所裨益。     

韩汉英视觉器官隐喻的认知研究

韩汉英视觉器官词语通过隐喻、提喻或换喻等认知方式,从指人体视觉器官到喻指具有某种特征的人或物等具体概念到观点、态度、情感等抽象概念,经历了具体概念抽象化、抽象概念具体化、自然物的人性化、事物的拟人化及事物的形象化等认知过程。