穆坪土司官寨及墓园遗址考察

位于四川省雅安市宝兴县的破败的土司官寨及墓园是穆坪土司留给今人的鸿爪雪泥。笔者以土司官寨及墓园为研究中心，结合相关史料，并通过实地调查走访后认为官寨形制反映了穆坪土司的生活形态，其独特的选址反映了穆坪土司对佛、道二教的推崇。墓园残迹彰显了穆坪土司显赫的历史功绩，表明穆坪土司随中原王朝历史脉搏而跳动。     

The effects of individually varying times of observations on growth parameter estimations in piecewise growth model

When using latent growth modeling (LGM), researchers often restrict the factor loadings, while the multilevel modeling (MLM) treats time as a metric variable. However, when individually varying times of observations are concerned in the longitudinal studies, the use of specified loadings would lead to inaccurate estimation. Based on piecewise growth modeling (PGM), this simulation study showed that (i) individually varying times of observations with larger boundaries got worse estimates and model fits when LGM was used; (ii) estimating the PGM across all the simulation situations was robust within MLM, whereas LGM got identically equal estimation with MLM only in the case of time boundaries of ±1 month or shorter; (iii) larger change of slope in piecewise modeling indicated better estimation.     

上海建设全球科技创新中心的目标与政策体系

上海建设全球科技创新中心的政策应该是一个系统的政策体系,要综合运用法律、经济以及行政手段,深化体制改革,强化机制创新,重点围绕创新资源整合机制、企业活力激活机制、市场价值实现机制、技术空间扩散机制和科技统筹管理体制的建立与完善,形成创新资源集聚、创新文化凸现、企业主体明确、市场导向突出、转化机制顺畅、扩散服务优化的技术创新新局面.     

Rethinking mediated political engagement: social media ambivalence and disconnective practices of politically active youths in Hong Kong

Social media have been widely credited for facilitating young people’s political engagement, most notably by providing a conducive platform for political expression. There has been comparatively little attention, however, to the possible pitfalls for young people when they engage in politics on social media. In this study, we seek to redress the overemphasis on the strengths and connectivity of social media by attending to how young people negotiate their drawbacks and disconnectivity. Through in-depth interviews with young participants of Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement, we examine the choices and motives regarding mediated (non-)participation among a group of politically active youths. Our findings revealed that these young people’s social media ambivalence emerged from the major participatory experience. Despite their active and open informational sharing and political expression on social media alongside their in-person participation during the eventful protest, many young participants became wary of such expressive use owing to their perceptions of de-energization, disconnectedness, and disembodiment. Instead of completely withdrawing from political activities on social media, these politically inclined and technologically savvy youths embraced “disconnective practices” – passive engagement (lurking), selective expression (moderation and exposure-limitation), and offline participation (embodied collective action) – to avoid the overwhelming, fractious, and inauthentic conditions of mediated participation.     

Simultaneous edit-imputation and disclosure limitation for business establishment data

Business establishment microdata typically are required to satisfy agency-specified edit rules, such as balance equations and linear inequalities. Inevitably some establishments' reported data violate the edit rules. Statistical agencies correct faulty values using a process known as edit-imputation. Business establishment data also must be heavily redacted before being shared with the public; indeed, confidentiality concerns lead many agencies not to share establishment microdata as unrestricted access files. When microdata must be heavily redacted, one approach is to create synthetic data, as done in the U.S. Longitudinal Business Database and the German IAB Establishment Panel. This article presents the first implementation of a fully integrated approach to edit-imputation and data synthesis. We illustrate the approach on data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures and present a variety of evaluations of the utility of the synthetic data. The paper also presents assessments of disclosure risks for several intruder attacks. We find that the synthetic data preserve important distributional features from the post-editing confidential microdata, and have low risks for the various attacks.     

观念竞合与国际体系的变迁

观念在国际关系中的作用及重要性已是不言而喻。在过去的四百多年里，国家主义和保守主义分别主导、塑造了威斯特伐利亚体系及维也纳体系，而威尔逊式的理想主义虽然塑造了凡尔赛—华盛顿体系，但主导该时期的却是激进主义。直到雅尔塔体系时期，民族主义才终于打败了帝国主义，自由主义则成功战胜了极权主义。因此，国际体系确立的背后是观念分配竞合的结果，是主流观念取向在竞合中占据主导地位的过程。观念作为深层次因素，始终是影响、塑造国际体系的更新与变迁的不可或缺的力量。     

伦理视角下农业的二重特性及农作“时”观念的省思

农业是人类生存和发展的基础和支撑,也是人类最早开始的有计划、有组织从事的社会活动。一方面,与其他人类活动不同,农业需要与大自然打交道,农业生产是在自然场所中显示和展开,自然亲自参与了农业生产的始终。另一方面,从对人类发展的推动来看,农业是人们最早为着满足自身生存需要而从事的一种社会活动。既然农业是作为人类的一种社会活动而存在,它必然体现了人的各方面社会特征和价值。与人参与其他社会活动涉及伦理一样,农业不但具有一般伦理的特性,而且因为它同时涉及人与自然的关系,于是决定了其伦理关注与其他人类活动不同,不只是关注人与人之间的伦理关系,更主要的是关注人与自然之间的伦理关系。农业关注的对象不是人,乃是有生命特性的农作物,这些农作物或者动物具备生命的类特征,而且这些生命特征出于自然,具有自然属性,这一点也决定了人在生产农作物的时候需要遵循自然的规范原则,由此亦决定了农业伦理需要在规范伦理学的框架中加以考察和认知。同时,农业是为着人类生存的需要而产生的,人对农业的判断又显示出功利性,使农业呈现功利性伦理的特征。因而,农业伦理具备了伦理学理论的各个层面,甚至将一些看似矛盾的伦理学理论恰如其分地整合在一起。农业伦理不只是单方面属于哪一个伦理理论,而是融合了伦理学中典型的两个流派即功利主义和义务论。在这种融合中,农业显明出一方面以支撑人的生存为目的,另一方面需要适应自然的客观性特征,于是农业伦理也随之在这两个层面反映出其独具特色的差异性。农业伦理的二重性不只是学理上的一种考量和认定,而且是具体地显明在农业实践之中,农业耕作中的"时"观念就是农业二重特性的实践显现,使农业伦理成为与具体实践相结合的实践理性。     

人力资本、社会资本对农村劳动力就业的影响——基于CFPS2018数据的实证分析

本文利用CFPS2018数据,采用Logit模型,实证分析了人力资本、社会资本对农村劳动力就业分化和质量的影响及其代际差异。研究发现,人力资本和社会资本对农村劳动力就业分化和质量均起到不同程度的显著影响。社会资本在人力资本对就业影响中发挥一定调节作用;教育与社会资本在就业分化和就业质量中分别具有互补和替代效应;健康与社会资本在就业质量中存在互补效应。两类资本对就业的影响具有显著代际差异,人力资本是影响新一代农村劳动力就业分化和就业质量的关键因素,而老一代就业分化和质量则受到两类资本的双重显著影响。基于此,在提升人力资本存量和社会资本积累的同时,应兼顾群体共性和代际差异特征,实现农村劳动力就业的有序转移。     

具体行政行为和抽象行政行为的交叉地带及其法律思考

中国法学理论和立法对具体行政行为和抽象行政行为的界定较为明确,但实践中两者之间存在着交叉地带,包括文件的同一内容针对特定对象和不特定对象分别构成具体行政行为和抽象行政行为、同一文件的不同内容分别构成具体行政行为和抽象行政行为等复杂情形。法学理论和立法对这一地带均未深入研究,导致出现了两者界定难的问题。 这一问题不能采用某些学者“取消两种行政行为划分”的办法来消除,而应通过出台全国统一适用的、操作性强的规范性文件管理方面的立法,细化和补充相关司法解释的规定,以及严格执行两种行政行为的相关监管制度等途径来解决。