Integrating Operational and Organizational Aspects in Interdependent Infrastructure Network Recovery

Managing risk in infrastructure systems implies dealing with interdependent physical networks and their relationships with the natural and societal contexts. Computational tools are often used to support operational decisions aimed at improving resilience, whereas economics‐related tools tend to be used to address broader societal and policy issues in infrastructure management. We propose an optimization‐based framework for infrastructure resilience analysis that incorporates organizational and socioeconomic aspects into operational problems, allowing to understand relationships between decisions at the policy level (e.g., regulation) and the technical level (e.g., optimal infrastructure restoration). We focus on three issues that arise when integrating such levels. First, optimal restoration strategies driven by financial and operational factors evolve differently compared to those driven by socioeconomic and humanitarian factors. Second, regulatory aspects have a significant impact on recovery dynamics (e.g., effective recovery is most challenging in societies with weak institutions and regulation, where individual interests may compromise societal well‐being). And third, the decision space (i.e., available actions) in postdisaster phases is strongly determined by predisaster decisions (e.g., resource allocation). The proposed optimization framework addresses these issues by using: (1) parametric analyses to test the influence of operational and socioeconomic factors on optimization outcomes, (2) regulatory constraints to model and assess the cost and benefit (for a variety of actors) of enforcing specific policy‐related conditions for the recovery process, and (3) sensitivity analyses to capture the effect of predisaster decisions on recovery. We illustrate our methodology with an example regarding the recovery of interdependent water, power, and gas networks in Shelby County, TN (USA), with exposure to natural hazards.     

Journey towards independent living: a grounded theory investigation of leaving the care of Girls & Boys Town,South Africa

The journey out of care and towards independent living is a challenge for many care-leavers. There has been little research into the social processes involved in this care-leaving journey. This paper presents the results of a grounded theory investigation into the care-leaving journeys of nine young men who had, several years previously, been in the care of Girls & Boys Town in South Africa. Working from a resilience perspective, with an ecological emphasis, four central social processes emerged that together explain the care-leaving experiences of the participants. These processes are striving for authentic belonging; networking people for goal attainment; contextualised responsiveness and building hopeful and tenacious self-confidence. These four processes are located within contextual boundaries and at the social environmental interface. The paper presents these processes in detail, drawing on selected narratives of the participants and integrated with additional theory. It is hoped that this paper may contribute to theory building concerning care-leaving processes and enhance youth care practices for youth in care and leaving care.     

Integrating Family Resilience and Family Stress Theory

The construct, family resilience, has been defined and applied very differently by those who are primarily clinical practitioners and those who are primarily researchers in the family field. In thisarticle, the family resilience perspective is integrated with conceptual definitions from family stress theory using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) Model in an effort to clarify distinctions between family resiliency as capacity and family resilience as a process. The family resilience process is discussed in terms of (a) the meaning of significant risk exposure (vs. the normal challenges of family life) and (b) the importance of making conceptual and operational distinctions between family system outcomes and family protective processes. Recommendations for future family resilience research are discussed.     

无意识心理活动与科学创造

无意识是一种不为意识所知的特殊心理活动,在科学创造中起着非常重要的作用.本文试就无意识心理活动与科学创造的关系问题加以探讨,重点分析无意识的深隐性、可解性、偶现性的内在和谐以及三者之间的和谐互动在科学创造中的作用.     

"两个环节,一个主体"是做好大学生思想工作的基础

从国际国内和大学生的自身情况看,必须进行"两个环节,一个主体"的教育。两个环节,是指心理素质和道德素质的教育。心理素质是一种内在因素,是人的精神动力;道德素质是伦理价值的外在表现,是人的行为规范坐标;一个主体,是指对大学生坚定不移地进行邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想的教育,这是教育的灵魂和方向。     

开发我国人力资源创新能力的对策研究

创新是推动社会发展的动力 ,特别是在知识经济时代 ,一个国家竞争能力的强弱主要依赖于创新 ,而创新源于具有创新能力的人才。笔者从分析影响人力资源创新能力的心理因素和社会环境因素入手 ,针对这些影响因素提出了开发我国人力资源创新能力的对策。     

试论美国电影中的英雄情结

“英雄类”影片是好莱坞制造的最具轰动效应的神话之一。本文拟对美国影片中塑造的各类英雄形象加以梳理与阐释 ,并进而对这些英雄片背后的英雄情结进行剖析 ,以期管窥美国影片中一些深层文化心理机制     

话题转换的顺应性研究

根据顺应理论,使用语言的过程是一个进行选择的过程,语言使用者不仅选择语言形式,同时还选择使用策略。话题转换现象是对社会规约和心理世界的一种顺应。话题转换不当,会产生负面影响,妨碍交际的进行。     

界定语言的逻辑理路

迄今,还没有一门科学像语言学这样不能提供研究对象的结论性定义。语言有三个本质属性,即社会事实、心理表征及声音和意义结合的符号系统,只有对语言进行三维观照,才有可能本真地推导出语言这一语言学对象所特有的、本质的属性     

大学生专业承诺的实证研究

通过研究发现,大学生专业承诺的心理结构包含了4个基本维度,它们分别是感情承诺、经济承诺、规范承诺和机会承诺。依据大学生专业承诺的心理结构编制出的"大学生专业承诺问卷",通过施测结果表明问卷具有良好的信、效度,能够作为大学生专业承诺状况有效、合理的评价工具。同时,研究者还采用回归分析方法进一步考察了大学生专业承诺与专业满意感、学业成效以及转专业意向等变量之间的关系。研究结果表明,大学生对专业的感情承诺或经济承诺增强,那么他们对专业的满意感就会提高,他们也将更有可能获得较好的学习效果。进一步研究发现,大学生专业承诺与转专业意向存在着显著的负相关,而与大学生学业卷入度存在着显著的正相关,这样,大学生专业承诺水平可以作为大学生转专业意向和学业专业度的预测指标,为大学生专业承诺咨询和干预提供理论依据。