NGO参与流动儿童教育的功能和优势分析——以A社团流动儿童项目为例

随着人口不断涌入城市,一些流动人口聚集处出现了大规模的流动儿童。社会各界爱心人士为流动儿童的义务教育处境奔走呼号,进行着政策上的倡导。但是NGO已经在以行动参与到流动儿童的教育当中,无论是在理念还是在专业队伍方面NGO参与流动儿童教育都有着十分明显的优势。本文应用布朗芬布伦纳的社会生态理论和社会支持理论对NGO参与流动儿童教育的功能和优势进行系统的分析。     

NGO参与流动儿童教育的功能和优势分析——以A社团流动儿童项目为例

随着人口不断涌入城市,一些流动人口聚集处出现了大规模的流动儿童。社会各界爱心人士为流动儿童的义务教育处境奔走呼号,进行着政策上的倡导。但是NGO已经在以行动参与到流动儿童的教育当中,无论是在理念还是在专业队伍方面NGO参与流动儿童教育都有着十分明显的优势。本文应用布朗芬布伦纳的社会生态理论和社会支持理论对NGO参与流动儿童教育的功能和优势进行系统的分析。     

流动儿童的社会融入

本文从三个方面分析制约流动儿童社会融入的因素,一是滞后的社会政策制约着流动儿童的社会融入;二是家庭的经济地位、职业背景对不同类型的流动儿童的社会融合存在明显的影响;三是学校的差别待遇影响不同类型流动儿童的社会认同。     

流动儿童的社会融入

本文从三个方面分析制约流动儿童社会融入的因素,一是滞后的社会政策制约着流动儿童的社会融入;二是家庭的经济地位、职业背景对不同类型的流动儿童的社会融合存在明显的影响;三是学校的差别待遇影响不同类型流动儿童的社会认同。     

专业社工机构介入城市流动儿童基础教育研究——基于南宁市X机构的实践

城市流动儿童是城市一个特殊的弱势群体,专业社工机构在城市流动儿童教育服务中大有作为.南宁市X机构运用专业的社工理论与方法,从家庭、学校、社区和政府四个层面介入南宁市万秀村流动儿童阅读教育,取得了一定的成效.但是,在实践中发现专业社工机构介入城市流动儿童教育还存在诸多问题,主要表现在政策不完善、经费不足、专业社工人才缺乏、专业社工机构发展缓慢、社会认同偏低等.为此,要促进专业社工机构介入城市流动儿童教育服务,在政策上要让社工机构有更广阔的舞台,在经费上要不断完善以政府购买社会工作服务为主体、多种筹资方式并存的筹资模式,在社区层面应坚持扎根社区、依托社区、回归社区的工作理念,在人才方面应培养职业化、专业化的社会工作人才,在机构方面应发展专一化的社会工作机构.     

方言能力与流动儿童的学业表现——来自中国教育追踪调查的证据

本文以就读于八年级的流动儿童作为研究对象，考察了方言能力对其学业表现的影响及作用机制。通过对中国教育追踪调查2014—2015学年数据的分析，本研究发现，掌握流入地方言可以显著改善流动儿童的学业表现，但其影响主要体现在语文和英语两个科目上。同时，来自教师和同学的支持是方言能力影响流动儿童学业表现的作用机制。本研究从语言环境的角度揭示了流动儿童人力资本积累的逻辑，为相关部门完善与流动儿童相关的教育政策提供了经验证据。     

家庭化流动人口城市融入的影响机制与实现路径

改革开放以来，我国流动人口规模不断增大，家庭化流动模式日益凸显。进入新时代，人口的有序流动及其城市融入，成为积极推进以人为本的新型城镇化建设的重要课题。我国家庭化流动人口城市融入具有其特有的驱动机制，受到社会经济状况和微观决策的双重影响。同时，我国家庭化流动人口城市融入也受到从社会区、经济、文化、相关制度的制约。目前，应从制度创新、社会保障、公共服务等方面探寻促进家庭化流动人口城市融入的路径选择，为流动家庭更好地融入城市提供保障。     

农民工子女受教育困境挑战教育公平

与农民工相伴而产生的一个社会问题是农民工子女义务教育阶段受教育困境问题.据国家统计资料显示,随父母进城的流动儿童有700-800万人,留守在家儿童2200多万人.留守在家的无人管,流动进城的上学难.调查显示,流动儿童的失学率高达9.3%,一直未上学的占6.85%,失学的占2.45%.农民工子女上学困境对我国义务教育法中"适龄儿童、少年依法享有平等接受义务教育的权利"的教育公平理念提出了严峻的挑战.其深层原因有:对农民工现象的长期性和重要性认识不足;城乡二元分割结构体制;法律制度不完善;农民工自身素质低维权意识差.解决的出路在于:让农民工子女进城上学;实行"义务教育补助卡"制度,改户籍入学为"居住地入学";将接收农民工子女入学纳入城市学校考核体系;政府给予农民工子女学校以倾斜政策.支持其尽快发展.     

区隔的童年:城市儿童与乡村流动儿童的课余世界

对北京市普通工薪阶层家庭与流动农民工家庭儿童的课余世界进行田野对比考察发现:城市父母注重以家庭、 学校及培训机构三者相结合的文化逻辑方式对儿童进行"协作培养",而农民工家庭由于缺乏竞争性文化资本,只能以"散养"的方式任由子女"自然成长";乡村流动儿童受到了学校主流教育和"影子教育"的双重排斥,并在其获得的弱势教育和社会阶层固化之间构成了因果逻辑关系;"影子教育"维持和强化了城市儿童获取优质教育资源的现象,间接固化了中国城乡社会生活的断裂状态;文化资本与"影子教育"互为因果、 相辅相成,共同完成了不平等的社会再生产过程.     

流动儿童的资本禀赋与社会融合研究——基于双向测度数据的多视角分析

利用2013年深圳流动儿童调查数据,从学校性质和生命历程视角分析了流动儿童在资本禀赋与社会融合上的差异性,检验了二者的相关性.结果发现:流动儿童的资本禀赋已出现群体分化,公办学校流动儿童在家庭物质资本和人力资本上占优,但民办学校流动儿童在家庭社会资本和学校社会资本上占优,小学段流动儿童的资本禀赋优于初中段.流动儿童的社会融合状况并不乐观,其城市文化融合水平低下,农村文化纽带坚韧;城市人和本地人身份认同度较低,农村人和外地人身份认同度较高,认同模糊问题突出;与流动儿童的社会距离较小,与本地儿童的社会距离更小.总的来说,流动儿童的资本禀赋与社会融合存在复杂的正向相关,拥有资本禀赋越多,社会融合状况越好.     

Implementing Local Safeguarding Children Boards: managing complexity and ambiguity

Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) were established under the Children Act 2004 and have responsibility for coordinating and ensuring the effectiveness of the work of partner bodies to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Drawing on data from a Department for Children, Schools and Families and Department of Health‐funded evaluation, the paper examines the development of LSCBs and the challenges and issues that have been encountered by Boards in implementing new arrangements. In doing so, the paper contributes to current debates about some of the limitations of New Labour's safeguarding reforms as a vehicle for improving outcomes for children and families.     

Supporting families of origin: an exploration of the influence of the Children Act 1948

The 50th anniversary of the Children Act 1948 is an opportunity to look back at the evolution of child care practice in England and Wales. This paper traces the development of social work practice aimed at supporting families of origin. It highlights the transition of the concept of prevention from a narrow focus on the prevention of admission to care, to the wider understanding of family support reflected in the Children Act 1989. Some of the challenges to policy and practice supporting families are identified and it is argued that the retreat from prevention in the 1970s is most evident in the subsequent investment in the child rescue ideology of the 'permanence movement'. The paper draws attention to the intentions of the Children Act 1989 to redress the failures and deficiencies of earlier practice by its emphasis on supporting families of children in need. It highlights current concerns that practice aimed at supporting families of origin continues to be marginalized by an emphasis on child protection and argues for a renewed commitment to section 17, Children Act 1989.     

敦煌写本《千字文》考辨

《千字文》是我国目前已知最古老的少数几种童儿识字课本,但在古代文献记载和著录上,不同之处甚多。因此,对敦煌钞本概况、历代著录、作者考辨等进行研究很有必要。     

Children in Need: Definition, Identification and Support

Correspondence to Dr Matthew Colton, Department of Social Policy and Applied Social Studies, University of Wales, Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP. Summary This paper examines the way in which local authorities operationalizethe concept of need contained in Part III of the Children Act1989. Findings from an empirical study conducted by the authorssuggest that difficulties are being encountered in operationalizingneed, and that these difficulties stem from an inherent contradictionbetween the all-embracing spirit of the Act and current politicaland social realities. The paper identifies key dilemmas in theimplementation of Part III of the Children Act and highlightsconflicts facing social services departments.     

The day fostering scheme: a service for children in need and their parents

This paper summarizes a new scheme, set up initially as a pilot project, which has now become Children and Families Social Services provision, in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport. The pilot project ran for a 6‐month period, in order to establish whether a day fostering service would be a useful and effective way of working in partnership with birth families. The paper discusses the philosophy behind the Children Act 1989 (England and Wales), and some research findings on the consequences of poor parenting for children, to examine the need for a day fostering scheme. Finally, the scheme itself is described, with an evaluation of the referrals for the 6‐month pilot period, and a discussion of the future of the project.     

How children experience fostering outcomes: participatory research with children

This paper presents findings from longitudinal research that uses quantitative and qualitative methods to explore children’s perceptions of outcomes of the care experience. Children’s self‐assessments on two occasions reflect a high level of psychosocial need. Important relationships emerged regarding the children’s judgements of their interpersonal skills and attachments. Children who displayed stronger maternal attachment were likely to sustain highly cohesive relationships with the rest of the foster family. Themes emerging from the data are discussed, including the role of foster mothers and fathers in enhancing developmental outcomes for children.     

Children Act 1948 and 1989: similarities, differences, continuities

The paper comments on the Children Acts of 1948 and 1989. The 1989 Act was broader but built on the 1948 one. The legislative contexts had some important similarities.     

Care Proceedings: Exploring the Relationship Between Case Duration and Achieving Permanency for the Child

The 1989 Children Act in England and Wales and the derivative1995 Children (NI) Order in Northern Ireland provide the legislativeframework within which issues pertaining to the care and supervisionof children that come before the Courts are examined. Both piecesof legislation were intended to address a number of problemswith the way that such issues were dealt with by the Court,particularly the tendency for proceedings to become protractedand for children to ‘drift’ in care as a consequence.The imposition of the ‘No Delay’ principle in bothjurisdictions was designed specifically to address these concerns.However, since the introduction of both the 1989 Children Act(implemented in October 1991) and the 1995 Children (NI) Order(implemented in November 1996), there has been a steady increasein the average duration of proceedings and concerns remain aboutthe impact that this may be having upon the children involved.This paper presents the findings of a research study (McSherry et al., 2004)that explored the complex relationship between the durationof care proceedings and costs to children in terms of the likelihoodof achieving permanency.     

The Life and Death of the Care Order (Criminal)

Professor Robert Harris, Department of Social Policy and Professional Studies. The University of Hull. Hull, HU6 7RX. Summary This paper traces the life history of the care order (criminal)from its inception in the 1969 Children and Young Persons Actto its abolition in the 1989 Children Act. It is argued thatthe care order (criminal) is a microcosm of the central ambiguityof the juvenile justice system, and that its history accordinglymirrors that of juvenile justice itself. An empirical studyis then reported which demonstrates that the role of the provisionsince 1983 has been complex, but that it has catered for threedistinct groups of offenders, of whom only one poses a policyproblem. The ‘residence requirement’ solution tothis problem in the 1989 Children Act is welcomed as havinga better chance of sustaining the different tasks of the juvenilejustice system.