“通知—删除”规则在电子商务专利侵权中的适用——兼论《民法典》第1195条

随着电子商务的蓬勃发展，“通知—删除”规则在有效制止电子商务专利侵权中具有重要作用。我国在21世纪初引进“通知—删除”规则，逐步构建了适用于电子商务领域专利侵权的“通知—删除”规则。《民法典》正式施行以来，“通知—删除”规则在适用于电子商务专利侵权中暴露出诸多问题：存在规则滥用隐患，权利人与商家利益失衡，通知与反通知的审核标准难以一致，因错误通知造成商家损失难以恢复，等等。解决好这些问题，需从专利侵权的特殊性出发，贴合《民法典》第1195条的规定，遵循“通知—删除”规则的立法目的进行解释适用；应重视和探索电子商务平台的自治能力，推动“通知—删除”规则在电子商务专利侵权中的解释适用。     

Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation

Emergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.     

Optimal investment and life insurance strategies in a mixed jump-diffusion framework

Abstract

This article investigates an optimal investment and life insurance strategies in a mixed jump-diffusion framework. The individual life insurance policyholder who has CRRA preferences. The market consists of riskless asset, a zero-coupon bond, a stock and life insurance. The instantaneous interest rate is modeled as the O-U model, while a zero-coupon bond with credit risk follows a BSDE and a risky asset be driven by MJD-fBm model. The problem is solved by the mixed jump diffusion fractional HJB SDE which satisfied the admissible strategy, then the closed form solution and optimal strategies are derived and the simulation of the various parameters are also given.     

论作为创新信息系统的专利制度

专利制度发挥着一种受信赖的信息系统之作用，它被视为信息可靠性的保障，降低了发明信息的传递成本和交易成本。它所意欲促进扩散的创新信息不仅指技术信息，还包括与技术相关的非技术信息。非技术信息对于技术扩散也具有重要的意义，但其价值常常被人们漠视，其原因在于人们对专利制度如何促进技术信息扩散的作用机理产生了错误的认识。专利制度不仅应该通过公开充分性制度来实现技术信息的扩散，它还需要通过权利要求解释、侵权救济与权利例外等制度的完善来实现非技术信息的扩散。因此，传统上的“专利公开”概念应该予以拓宽。     

碳金融市场下基于模糊测度和Choquet积分的碳期权估值

基于投资者对投资财富和风险的偏好研究碳期权定价模型。运用λ-可加模糊测度表示投资者对碳期权价值模糊度量的差异性，借助Choquet期望积分构建投资者的期望收益效用函数；根据投资财富效用最大化推导无约束条件下碳期权的最优价；结合现实约束条件，构建投资财富效用最大化下的碳期权定价模型；通过数值计算分析效用函数、模糊参数和现实约束对碳期权定价的影响。研究结果表明:效用函数的选择会体现投资者对碳期权投资风险态度的变化，模糊测度参数的取值能够反映碳期权投资者个体的主观情绪和市场信息获取程度，现实约束会迫使碳期权投资者放弃部分投资隐含价值。     

An exercise in futurity: servitude as pathway to young Filipino men’s education- to-work transition

This article examines how young Filipino men looking to work in international seafaring deploy servitude as a means of attaining education-to-work transition. It focuses on those applying to work for free as ‘utility men’ (gofer or flunkey) in Manila’s manning and crewing agencies that supply seafarers to ship operators around the world in exchange for the promise of boarding a ship. Based on participant observation and life history interviews, the article accounts for how they transform their servitude into diskarte – strategy by which they navigate the limited employment opportunities in the Philippines – by constructing their ‘utility manning’ as an informal and negotiated pathway to employment. The young Filipino men’s seeking and enduring servitude, geared towards gleaning better social possibilities, becomes a profoundly rational act of investing in and securing their future.     

全球农机装备专利技术信息分析及启示

采用Innography专利检索与分析工具,从专利授权年度趋势、专利布局、主要创新机构竞争态势、技术研究热点、核心专利挖掘等维度进行专利信息分析.分析结果表明,美国、德国、法国在农机装备领域的技术实力较强,拥有各自独特的核心专利,并在全球进行广泛的策略性布局.中国虽然是该领域最大的技术来源国,但核心专利拥有量不多,海外专利申请也相对缺乏.目前农机装备领域技术研发集中在A01C7、A01B49、A01B33等IPC类别.法国库恩、美国迪尔、美国凯斯纽荷兰等大型跨国公司掌握了产业发展的制高点,中国农大、东北农大等单位技术实力强,但并不是该领域的领跑者.     

核事故早期应急群决策模型研究

有效快速的核事故早期应急决策,是核电站发生核事故后最后一道必要的屏障,因此决策的快速性与有效性至关重要。文章先构造效用函数,求出决策者的乐观系数,将决策判断矩阵中的区间值与模糊值精确化;在此基础上建立了个体与群体的决策模型,以提高决策的有效性。同时根据排序结果,构造群体与个体之间一致性判断矩阵,并根据判断矩阵进行交互与修改,使专家内部快速达成一致。最后通过算例说明方法的可行性。     

农户金融需求行为及其影响因素的实证研究

随着改革开放的发展和农民生活水平的提高,农户对金融的需求愈加强烈。基于沈阳周边农户的300份调查问卷,运用世代交叠模型模拟农户经济行为,建立二元Logit模型,对影响沈阳农户金融需求效用的因素进行实证分析。指出农户的家庭收入、经营状况、固定资产、土地、贷款金额和城镇经济状况等因素都对农户金融需求效用存在显著影响,并提出了促进沈阳周边农村金融发展的政策建议,旨为沈阳地区农村经济发展提供借鉴。     

Quality Provision with Heterogeneous Consumer Reservation Utilities

This study examines a firm's quality and price decisions when consumers differ not only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality but also in their reservation utility for the basic product. We find that while the firm offers lower‐quality products when consumers' valuations for quality deteriorate, the optimal quality may increase with a negative shift in consumers' reservation utilities. We also investigate the optimal price and quality of the products within a vertically differentiated product line when the number of products is exogenously given. The existing literature shows that when consumers differ only in their willingness‐to‐pay for quality, the firm sets the efficient quality for consumers with the highest valuation for quality, whereas the concern for cannibalization pushes down the quality of inferior products. We find that when consumers are heterogeneous in both their reservation utility and valuation for quality, the concern for cannibalization may distort the quality upwards, even for consumers with the highest willingness‐to‐pay for quality. In addition, a low‐quality product may enjoy a higher profit margin than a high‐quality product within the product line.