上海智能制造向系统化高端化升级的路径与对策

上海持续深化新一代信息技术与制造业的融合发展,致力于打造全国智能制造的"应用高地""核心技术策源地"和"系统解决方案输出地",但也存在企业系统集成能力有待进一步提升、基础优势资源有待进一步挖掘、促进智能制造升级的生态体系有待进一步完善等问题.未来上海应聚力引进和培育国内外龙头企业,促进多主体、跨区域协同创新,聚焦智能制造生态培育,进一步推动上海制造业智能化、高端化升级,更好地发挥上海智能制造辐射长三角、服务全国的示范引领作用.     

Seroadaptive Strategies of Vancouver Gay and Bisexual Men in a Treatment as Prevention Environment

British Columbia’s treatment as prevention policy has provided free access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to all HIV-positive provincial residents since 1996. One outcome is an increase in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men (GBM) with suppressed viral loads. Previous cross-sectional analyses indicated that some Vancouver GBM now recognize condomless anal sex with men on HAART who report a suppressed viral load as a seroadaptive strategy. To test the hypothesis that this new strategy, termed viral load sorting (VLS), is recognized and used among by GBM in the Momentum Health Study, we analyzed longitudinal data for HIV-negative/unknown (n = 556) and HIV-positive (n = 218) serostatus participants. Analyses indicated that both groups reported VLS, and that serostatus and Treatment Optimism Scale scores were significant determinants in frequency and use. Results exemplify the medicalization of sex and Rogers’ Diffusion Of Preventative Innovations Model, and they have important implications for HIV research and GBM sexual decision-making.     

新政治经济学视野下的媒体偏误及其治理

信息化时代的新闻媒体对社会政治经济生活的作用日益重要,媒体报道在很大程度上影响着个人决策。但是,由于受到不同利益主体的多重影响,媒体报道可能偏离真相或客观认知,产生媒体偏误。通过分析新闻报道从生产到受众的过程及各利益主体的特征所构建的新政治经济学研究框架,可以为认识媒体偏误提供更好的分析范式。媒体偏误治理的关键是设计合理的媒体信息供给及处理的匹配关系,使理性读者可以通过更新信息在有偏报道中不断接近真相。     

生态危机的根源与应对策略

探究生态危机的根源,对于正确制定应对生态危机的策略具有重要意义。当今学术界一般认为,生态危机根源于资本主义制度。但是中国的生态危机却不能归咎于资本主义制度。通过对生态危机原因的分析可以明白,西方的生态危机根源于人与自然对立的主客二分的思维模式,只要这种思维模式存在,生态危机必然会发生。而中国的生态危机,则根源于采用了西方工业化的发展模式。应对生态危机的挑战,必须抛弃西方的工业化发展模式,必须抛弃西方人与自然对立的思维模式。中国传统文化中"天人合一"的思维模式有利于实现人与自然的和谐共生,对于应对生态危机可以发挥重大作用,对于中国的生态文明建设有重要的借鉴意义。     

从耻感文化视角分析日本社会秩序现象

现代日本社会民众在日常生活以及应对突发自然灾害的过程中，表现出非常有秩序的现象。日本社会的良好秩序现象和日本社会长期以来深受“耻感文化”的影响、“耻感文化”在民众意识深处扎根有着不可分割的关系。“耻感文化”在日本社会有着深厚的社会文化基础，“耻”作为一种不知不觉的潜意识蕴藏于日本人的道德体系之中，制约着各种行为，贯穿于日常生活的全部。日本的“耻感文化”是中国儒家文化中解析出的一个文化元素，但又不同于中国社会的耻文化。日本“耻感文化”社会的形成是通过吸收外来文化并逐渐与本土的制度规范等相适应，外力作用导致了本土文化习俗与传统的突变形成的。中国传统文化的传入、日本人的共同体意识、等级意识、各种宗教对日本人的影响等是日本“耻感文化”社会形成的主要原因。“耻感文化”的形成和发展对日本社会影响巨大。     

Availability analysis for general repairable systems with repair time threshold

Availability analysis is an important issue in many practical fields. This paper investigates the availability for general repairable systems with repair time threshold. Based on practical applications, a repair time threshold is introduced. If the period of a repair is less than a predefined time threshold, then the system may be considered as working during this period, i.e., the effect of the repair could be neglected. Otherwise, if the period of a repair is longer than the given threshold, then the system is considered as working from the beginning of the system failure until the repair time exceeding the threshold, i.e., the time point of the system down could be delayed. We consider both constant and random repair time threshold. This paper valuates the user-perceived availability, when the user does not experience any service interruption because the duration of repair is too short. The results can be applied in reliability engineering, queueing theory and many other fields. A numerical example for ventilator system is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed approach.     

产业协同集聚的资源错配效应研究

利用2003－2016年中国280个地级市的数据，分别测算了产业协同集聚指数、资本错配和劳动力错配指数，采用差分GMM方法考察产业协同集聚对资源错配的影响。结果发现：产业协同集聚的提高，会显著降低资本错配和劳动力错配指数；分地区的回归发现，东部地区产业协同集聚改善了资本错配，对劳动力错配负向作用不显著，中部地区产业协同集聚会改善资本错配，但会恶化劳动力错配，西部地区产业协同集聚则加剧了资本错配，但可以缓解劳动力错配情况。进一步作用机制分析表明，产业协同集聚水平的提高，会显著提高金融业的专业化分工，进而改善资本错配，同时会提高劳动力成本，改善劳动力错配。文章的政策含义是通过产业协同集聚，可以提高金融业的专业化分工和劳动力成本，进而缓解资本和劳动力的错配，提高经济效率，促进经济增长。     

南陈大臣民族关系思想述论

南陈时期,一些大臣始终把"安抚笼络"作为处理民族关系的基本思路和主要手段,之所以会出现如此现象,一是少数民族为陈立国发挥了重要作用,又是陈朝巩固政权的中坚力量,必须对他们高看一眼;二是这一时期的民族融合已达到新的高度,民族关系比较融洽,"安抚笼络"已成为当时的主流思想;三是最高统治者的意志和政令助推大臣"安抚笼络"思想的形成.大臣对"北伐"的认识无论多么正确,只要与最高统治者不一致,都很难发挥作用.南陈大臣的民族关系思想具有二大特点:一是以"怀柔"为核心,二是实践成效显著.其作用和影响主要体现在三个方面:一是推动了当时各民族之间的交往交流交融,二是加快了南北统一的进程,三是为隋唐时期民族关系思想的形成奠定了理论基础.     

儿童编程工具发展历程、特征及对未来教育路向的影响

摘 要：从1960年代LOGO的诞生开始,儿童编程经历了准备期、发展期、实施期、停滞期、复兴期五个时期的发展。总体特征是从复杂语法到简单语法、从抽象系统到可视化系统、从文本编程到非文本编程、从软件编程到物理编程。编程工具的不断发展和完善,让儿童学习编程成为可能。随着数字化社会的到来,编程教育将逐渐成为儿童教育中不可或缺的一部分,并将向下延伸到小学和幼儿园,其教育路向很可能朝学校化、普及化、低龄化发展。     

Capital,distinction, and racialized habitus: immigrant youth in the educational field

Chinese Canadian youth are usually represented as a model minority and are therefore rendered invisible in identity debates. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of capital, field, habitus, and distinction, this paper examines how racism affects the identity construction of Chinese youth in different school fields. Particularly, I raise and discuss a theoretical concept, racialized habitus, which is manifested as both intergroup exclusion and intragroup distinction. This theorization is grounded in interview data with 36 first- and second-generation Chinese Canadian youth in Alberta, Canada. This study indicates the continuing significance of research on racism. It calls for challenging racism as an act of distinction, habitus, and action, as well as a discursive practice of discourse.