央地支出责任划分对基本医疗卫生资源配置均等化的影响

1994分税制改革后，中央政府财政收入增加，地方政府支出责任增加，造成各级政府财力和支出责任不对应。基本医疗卫生资源配置均等会直接影响居民医疗服务的利用的均等化间接影响到居民的健康水平。本文利用《中国卫生统计年鉴》和《中国财政年鉴》中数据，使用基尼系数测度基本医疗卫生资源配置的均等化，利用分位数回归分析央地支出责任划分对基本医疗卫生资源配置均等化的影响，得出我国应该通过增加地方政府财政收入和减少地方政府支出责任特别是卫生支出责任的方式提高基本医疗卫生资源配置的均等化水平。     

政府支出对医疗服务健康公平影响的比较和启示

医疗服务公平和人民的健康是各国卫生系统向其国家居民提供医疗服务所应实现的两个重要目标。但以英美日为例的发达国家根据世界卫生统计年鉴中的医疗服务公平性排名确有明显差距，因此，高收入和高政府医疗卫生支出与医疗卫生服务公平和健康公平性并没有必然关系。本文通过比较分析美日英国的政府间医疗卫生支出责任划分的结构发现高政府医疗卫生支出比例是提高医疗服务筹资公平性的前提，中央承担社会医疗保险责任是实现医疗服务筹资公平性的保证，政府特别是中央政府出资的长期护理有助于提高国民健康水平，地方政府的参与更有助于提高一国医疗系统机构数量特别是医院的数量。     

促进我国流动人口基本公共卫生服务均等化的筹资机制研究

从筹资的角度分析制约我国地方政府向流动人口均等化供给基本公共卫生服务的原因，总结国外流动人口基本公共卫生服务筹资的经验，提出筹资机制改革建议。研究结果表明：我国现行的以常住人口为基数核定和安排基本公共卫生服务筹资责任的政策安排，给地方政府回避流动人口基本公共卫生服务的供给责任提供了制度空间，导致了流动人口公共卫生服务筹资“两头落空”的现象，影响了服务供给的均等化水平。我国须进一步强化中央政府的投入责任，保证流动人口基本公共卫生服务筹资的总体充足性，同时完善转移支付制度，增加对人口流入地的基本公共卫生服务经费补助金额，从而填补短期流动人口筹资政策的空白。     

“五步曲”做好卫生计生基本公共服务均等化

安徽省明光市自全面启动卫生和计划生育基本公共服务均等化试点工作以来,积极做好各相关单位对接,完善资料,认真履行职责,保障试点工作的高效、有序开展。出台方案。制定出台《明光市流动人口卫生和计划生育基本公共服务均等化试点工作方案》,成立工作领导小组,细化工作内容,强化工作措施,严格工作责任,确保各项工作开展。探索需求。设计500份需求调查问卷,组织工作人员开展问卷调查,掌握本地流动人口卫生和计划生育基本     

内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区 三大机制保障流动人口均等化服务

为推进流动人口计生基本公共服务均等化工作,内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区通过完善三大机制,为流动人口均等化服务工作提供保障。完善统筹协调机制。区委、区政府从统筹解决人口问题的全局出发,把流动人口计划生育服务管理纳入公共服务管理范畴统一决策,制定下发了《玉泉区推进流动人口计划生育基本公共服务均等化工作实施方案》等文件,成立了由副区长担任组长,公安、卫生、综冶、教育等14个     

湖北京山县计生服务机构推行绩效工资制

2011年3月,湖北省京山县政府下发《京山县公共卫生与基层医疗卫生单位绩效工资实施办法》,这标志着包括县、镇计生服务机构在内的所有公共卫生与基层医疗卫生单位按照国务院卫生体制改革要求,正式推行绩效工资分配制度。     

中国死亡模式转变与国家卫生服务利用效率的关系

文章利用历次人口普查资料和国家1993、1998年卫生服务利用调查数据,分析了中国人口死亡水平变化及与卫生资源利用的关系。研究表明,新中国成立以来,人口死亡率呈较稳定下降趋势;性别、年龄别和地区别的人口死亡率、死因构成间存在着明显的差异。目前,中国人口死亡率的继续下降已经不能单靠生活和卫生基本条件改善所发挥的粗放式作用,必须合理利用卫生资源,使那些沿用多年的社会支持系统和医疗卫生系统能够有效地适应新的人口转变形势,并能应对不同原因所致的慢性病和公共卫生问题,这也是降低人口死亡水平的潜在动力。     

公共服务均等化、人口老龄化与经济增长——基于省级面板数据的空间计量检验

本文构建指标体系测度我国2003~2013年省域公共服务均等化水平,分析公共服务均等化及人口老龄化影响经济增长的机理,并针对理论命题运用空间计量模型进行实证检验.研究结果表明:公共服务均等化及政府的公共财政支出能有效促进区域经济增长;人口老龄化对经济增长的影响具有多重效应,既能通过刺激消费拉动经济增长,又会对公共服务均等化产生抑制从而不利于经济增长.     

吉林省老年人群治疗费用分析——基于卫生费用核算体系“SHA 2011”

随着医疗技术的快速发展,人口老龄化日趋严重,医疗卫生支出显著提高,疾病经济负担增长,这无疑给医疗卫生体制改革与社会和谐稳定发展带来了巨大经济压力。在老龄化日益加剧的情况下,探讨老年人医疗保障制度的安全性和可持续性需要深入研究老年人医疗费用支出的变化特点和趋势。本文采用国际通行的"卫生费用核算体系2011"(SHA 2011)对2014年吉林省65岁以上老年人群治疗费用进行分析。结果显示治疗费用源于公共筹资占55.58%,其次为家庭卫生支出41.83%;治疗费用居于前五位的疾病类型依次为:循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、肿瘤、内分泌、营养与代谢疾病;省级医疗卫生服务机构的费用以门诊服务为主(84.63%),基层医疗卫生服务机构的费用中住院服务占比最高。研究结论指出,不同年龄组老年人群治疗费用的疾病分布存在集中性,老年群体缺乏有针对性的医疗保障项目,家庭自付比例较高,卫生资源机构配置有待完善。应积极发挥不同级别医疗卫生服务机构服务职能,合理控制老年人群治疗费用,逐步完善老年人医疗保障体系,推进医养结合融合发展。     

1992～2006年中国社会保障支出水平研究

社会保障支出水平是衡量社会经济发展水平的重要指标之一.1992年以来,中国社会保障支出随国民经济的增长稳步增长,但社会保障水平与其他社会保险型模式国家相比还比较低,与国内社会保障需求相比呈现出严重的不适度性.文章认为,在于中国的社会保障供需之间存在着缺口,有限的社会保障供给难以满足日益增长的社会保障需求.在当前企业社会保障负担过重的情况下,要提高社会保障支出水平,就必须突出政府的责任,政府应当在财政支持、资金筹集、基金管理及立法司法等方面发挥作用.     

人口和计划生育科技人员的信息素质及其培养

信息素质是科技工作者获取科技信息、拓展知识范围、提高自身素质和科研技术服务能力的内在要求。信息素质指信息意识和信息能力,在人口和计划生育科技人员中要开展有效的信息素质教育。     

Induction of labour: Experiences of care and decision-making of women and clinicians

BackgroundThere has been a rise in induction of labour over recent decades. There is some tension in the literature in relation to when induction is warranted and when not, with variability between guidelines and practice. Given these tensions, the importance of shared decision-making between clinicians and women is increasingly highlighted as paramount, but it remains unclear to what extent this occurs in routine care.MethodUsing a scoping review methodology, quantitative and qualitative evidence were considered to answer the research question “What are the views, preferences and experiences of women and clinicians in relation to induction of labour more broadly, and practices of decision-making specifically?” To identify studies, the databases PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from 2008 to 2018, and reference lists of included studies were examined.Findings20 papers met inclusion criteria, in relation to (a) women’s preferences, experiences and satisfaction with IOL; (b) women’s experience of shared-decision making in relation to induction; (c) interventions that improve shared decision-making and (d) factors that influence decision-making from the perspective of clinicians. Synthesis of the included studies indicates that decision-making in relation to induction of labour is largely informed by medical considerations. Women are not routinely engaged in the decision making process with expectations and preferences largely unmet.ConclusionThere is a need to develop strategies such as decision aids, the redesign of antenatal classes, and clinician communication training to improve the quality of information available to women and their capacity for informed decision-making.     

Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

The demographic aging of the older population itself has turned out as an issue of great scope, accumulating a large amount of research in recent years. In this context, the prediction or explanation is of much interest. However, little research has studied this prediction when some factors, such as age, gender, and perceived health are controlled, and also few studies have compared these effects in young old and oldest old populations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test, in a multivariate context, the predictive effects of variables measuring social support, dependence/active perceptions, and generativity on satisfaction with life, while controlling for age, marital status, educational level, gender, and perceived health; examining young old and oldest old similitudes and differences in a little studied population, the Angolan elderly. The sample was formed by 1,003 participants, 737 were young old and 266 were oldest old. To test for the effects, a hierarchical regression was built up, in which age and predictor’s interactions were included. Results provide support for some differences in the pattern of relationships hold by young old and oldest old, with social support emerging as the major predictor of life satisfaction during the old age.     

统筹城乡的动态人口预测与分析

对未来城乡人口进行科学详细的预测,是统筹城乡发展的基本依据。文章以浙江省为例,简要介绍了以人口普查资料和抽样调查资料为基本依据,考虑城市化进程和城乡、省际人口机械变动参数动态变化的城乡人口预测的方法。并以浙江省为例,说明如何充分利用这些人口预测结果,为统筹城乡发展提供决策依据。     

人口计生宣传教育为“先导”的重心和支点

宣传教育为先导的战略决策,是国家人口计生委党组书记、主任李斌同志2007年年底在河南召开全国农村人口文化建设工作现场会和在宁波市召开全国婚育新风进万家活动经验交流会上提出的重大战略思想。宣传教育为先导战略决策的提出,是在科学发展观指引下尊重思想政治工作、精神文明建设和人口计生工作客观规律,总结正反两方面工作经验教训的必然产物,是今后做好人口计生工作的元点工程。本文主要论述了为什么要先导,先什么、导什么,如何先导三个重大问题。     

Employment and earnings of foreign-born scientists and engineers

Population Research and Policy Review -     

失业率、年龄结构与人口迁移率的相关性研究

用定性与定量相结合的方法，从理论及实践两种角度，对影响人口迁移的主要因素进行了分析，指出：人口年龄结构及失业率是人口迁移率大小的决定因素。在此基础上，对影响我国人口迁移的相关性因素进行了分析，并对 21世纪我国人口的迁移做了预测。     

Validity and the Consequences of Test Interpretation and Use

The vast majority of measures have, at their core, a purpose of personal and social change. If test developers and users want measures to have personal and social consequences and impact, then it is critical to consider the consequences and side effects of measurement in the validation process itself. The consequential basis of test interpretation and use, as introduced in Messick’s (Educational measurement, Macmillan, New York, pp. 13–103, 1989) progressive matrix model of unified validity theory, has been misunderstood by many measurement experts, test developers, researchers, and practitioners. The purposes of this paper were to (a) review Messick’s unified view of validity and clarify his consequential basis of test interpretation and use, (b) discuss the kinds of questions evoked by value implications and social consequences and their role in construct validity and score meaning, (c) present a reframing of Messick’s model and a new model of unified validity and validation, (d) bring the concept of multilevel measures under the same validation umbrella as individual differences measures, and (e) offer some thoughts and directions for more explicit consideration of value implications, intended social consequences, and unintended side effects of legitimate test interpretation and use. This paper has implications for the interpretation, use, and validation of both individual differences and multilevel measures in education, psychology, and health contexts.     

农村劳动力流动的特征、规律与农民增收

农村劳动力流动具有地域特征、就业手段特征、流动性质特征。农村劳动力流动体现着三大规律,即动力规律、流动规模有限规律、推拉“双反”规律。这些特征和规律直接影响着农民收入的增加。推动农村劳动力流动、实现农民增收的途径:一是拓宽农业发展思路;二是加快乡镇企业发展;三是提高城镇化水平;四是鼓励农村外流劳动力回流创业。