The effect of number of siblings on adult mortality: Evidence from Swedish registers for cohorts born between 1938 and 1972

Demographic research has paid much attention to the impact of childhood conditions on adult mortality. We focus on one of the key aspects of early life conditions, sibling group size, and examine the causal effect of growing up in a large family on mortality. While previous studies have focused on low- or middle-income countries, we examine whether growing up in a large family is a disadvantage in Sweden, a context where most parents have adequate resources, which are complemented by a generous welfare state. We used Swedish register data and frailty models, examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the ages of 40 and 74 for the 1938–72 cohorts, and also a quasi-experimental approach that exploited multiple births as a source of exogenous variation in the number of siblings. Overall our results do not indicate that growing up in a large family has a detrimental effect on longevity in Sweden.     

Beyond Google: Bibliographic Transformation to Connect Users to Good Content

ABSTRACT

At the 2017 North Carolina Serials Conference, keynote speaker Regina Romano Reynolds—Director, U.S. ISSN Center and Head, ISSN Section at the Library of Congress—explored how bibliographic transformation can connect users to good-quality content. Offering examples of current and potential serials management projects, Reynolds shared her vision for breaking down information silos, experimenting in the resource management space, and the need for visionary leadership.     

我国网络课程建设存在的问题及对策

分析指出了我国网络课程建设存在着重申报、轻建设、不持续、更新少、共享难、效果差等问题,提出了课程建设要以学生为主体、课程质量要以学生满意为最终标准,对于目前开展的资源共享课和视频公开课建设,教育行政部门要有顶层设计,要做到网络课程的真正共享,需要从政策层面规范各学科或专业的教学计划、规定学生可以以网络课程完成的科目和学分,学生在规定的教学计划内自由选修网络课程,学分不受地域和学校限制,跨校选修,全国认可;为此网络课程应给与学生自主空间,具有学习过程网络监控、课程考核和学分认证等功能。     

人力资源管理与企业战略、绩效关系研究的演进——基于企业环境的变化

高度动态化的环境作为当前企业面临的最大问题,导致不可预测性的增强。这将直接影响战略的制定和执行。因此,这一环境下的企业如何保持战略实施有效性和竞争优势可持续性成为企业发展道路上的关键。而在战略与绩效的关系中,人力资源作为企业关键的战略性资源是企业运作的基础,其管理起了非常重要的作用。本文通过对已有文献的详细梳理,概括出两类研究类型:战略和人力资源的匹配;人力资源的配置管理与实现绩效的关系。柔性化思想的提出,使人力资源研究有了新的方向。在环境变动这一前提下,人力资源柔性化的管理区别于传统意义上的管理。本文以动态环境的背景,围绕人力资源、战略、绩效三者的关系提炼出整合的演进框架,以更好地指导未来人力资源相关的研究。     

Jackpot? Gender Differences in the Effects of Lottery Wins on Separation

In this study, information on small to modest lottery wins from the British Household Panel Survey (N = 2,563) was used to investigate the effect of income on separation. The analysis demonstrated that money matters within relationships. Lottery wins temporarily reduced the odds of separation after men won. Men spent more on leisure and became more satisfied with their leisure time and social lives after winning. Nevertheless, most of the effect of lottery wins on union stability was not mediated by changes in satisfaction; instead, a direct effect of wins on the threshold to leave relationships was observed. No effect on union stability was found when women won. Women did not spend their winnings on leisure time but instead saved or spent money on durable items. These types of spending did not increase satisfaction. The findings suggested that, within families, men acted relatively independently, whereas the behavior of women was more family oriented.     

高等教育规模扩张何以实现——以“资源稀释模型”为视角

＂资源稀释模型＂认为,在家庭经济资源一定的情况下,家庭里的孩子数量越多,每个孩子分到的经济资源就会相应减少;而且家庭的经济资源对孩子是否有机会接受高等教育的影响非常重要。笔者从＂资源稀释模型（Resource Dilution Model）＂这一视角来分析和探讨,上世纪末我国＂高等教育规模扩张＂政策何以得以顺利实施。     

制造集团公司物流资源整合问题研究

根据分布区域广泛、局部区域比较集中和所有权复杂等制造集团公司物流资源的特点,提出制造集团公司物流资源整合思路的概念模型,并对某水泥生产集团物流资源整合的案例进行实证分析。在推动资源整合时,可以通过物流组织的服务设计来识别需要整合的资源;分析各整合参与方的利益分配来提高整合参与方的积极性。     

深圳市海外高层次人才引进对三亚市的借鉴与启示

当今人才作为第一资源是各国家与地区之间争夺的对象，如何引进、使用和留住人才对国家和地区的经济发展具有重要意义。深圳市是全国改革开放的先锋军，在海外高层次人才引进方面走在全国前列。对深圳市海外高层次人才引进特色和优势分析，可为三亚市海外高层次人才的引进提供借鉴和启示意义，以促进三亚市发挥自身优势，吸引优势人才资源，为建设海南省国际旅游岛做出一份贡献。     

活动重叠模式与资源约束下的项目调度优化

采取活动重叠模式通常是加速研发的有效手段,带有活动重叠的资源受限项目调度问题是经典资源受限项目调度问题的扩展.首先,深入分析了活动重叠对于项目调度的影响,对活动重叠及其不确定进行详细描述与建模,提出了活动重叠导致下游活动返工时间的二项分布概率模型;其次,构建了以最小化研发项目期望工期为目标的优化调度模型,设计了基于串行进度生成机制的遗传算法对大规模问题进行优化求解;最后,基于PSPLIB J60问题库中480个算例分析了该算法的计算结果,并考察了网络参数、资源参数和重叠参数变化时,采用活动重叠模式对缩短项目工期的影响.研究结果表明:活动对资源的需求强度越小或资源稀缺程度越低,可重叠活动对数量就会增加,项目工期缩短得越明显;网络复杂度的变化对缩短项目工期的影响不大;项目中重叠活动对越多,重叠导致的下游活动返工的概率越小,项目工期缩短的越明显.     

Exploring the link between government funding and efficiency in nonprofit colleges

Previous literature has suggested that federal funding can hinder the efficiency of nonprofit organizations, but this has yet not been empirically tested. This study used a two‐stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of a set of private nonprofit teaching‐oriented colleges, then estimate the impact of federal and state funding on organizational efficiency. The findings indicate that, on average, increases in neither state nor federal funding effect efficiency of nonprofit colleges. Increasing state funding negatively impacted the efficiency of public colleges (N = 799). This study suggests that the challenges for nonprofits that accompany government funding may not rise to a quantifiable negative effect on efficiency.