被遗忘权的制度缺失、发展困境与中国构建路径

数据时代面临的个人信息受到侵害、个人隐私泄露、算法歧视等一系列重大问题，应将以保护信息主体权利为目的的被遗忘权确立下来。欧美被遗忘权在隐私与自由之间存在的冲突背后所体现的是被遗忘权对于各国需求的重要性，我国现有法律制度中规定的删除权与欧盟所确立的被遗忘权是不能等同的。现行被遗忘权面临着调整对象的设定缺陷、权利内容的设定偏差、责任主体的设定不足三方面的发展困境。学者热议与实践需求在一定程度上表明我国应当引入被遗忘权，并应从调整对象的优化构建、权利内容的改造构建、责任承担的明确构建搭建起中国的路径选择，以解决网络信息社会的发展带给我们的新挑战。     

基因编辑技术背后的伦理与人权

当前基因编辑技术发展迅速,引起各国政府、学术界和企业界的广泛关注。但从近期“基因编辑婴儿”事件来看,基因编辑技术的伦理问题仍须厘清,我国现行法律尚不完善。通过保护基因编辑婴儿隐私、切实发挥伦理委员会作用、加快相关立法工作,我们或可更好地解决基因编辑技术背后的伦理和人权问题。     

新时代网络空间意识形态话语权的掌控策略

新时代网络空间意识形态话语权呈现出话语主体多元化、话语载体多样化、话语内容复杂化的新特点，也面临着国内网络空间意识形态话语权争夺日益激烈、国际网络领域西方意识形态话语权渗透交锋不断、我国网络空间意识形态话语权建设应对乏力等新挑战。要掌控新时代网络空间意识形态话语权，就必须提高话语主体素养以引导网络意见领袖发挥正能量，拓展话语载体多样性以提升主流意识形态话语权的影响力，坚持话语议题守正创新以打造社会主义意识形态优势话语，推进话语表达方式转换以实现中国话语标准的“国际化”。     

The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes

In this article, we attempt to extend and nuance the debate on intellectual property (IP) strategy, appropriation, and open innovation in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. We present the case of four generations of mobile telecommunications systems (covering the period 1980–2015), and describe and analyze the co-evolution of strategic IP management and innovation ecosystems. Throughout this development, technologies and technological relationships were governed with different and shifting degrees of formality. Simultaneously, firms differentiated technology accessibility across actors and technologies to benefit from openness and appropriation of innovation. Our analysis shows that the discussion of competitiveness and appropriability needs to be expanded from the focal appropriability regime and complementary assets to the larger context of the innovation ecosystem and its cooperative and competitive actor relations, with dispersed complementary and substitute assets and technologies. Consequently, the shaping of complementary and substitute appropriability regimes is central when strategizing in dynamic and systemic innovation contexts. This holds important implications for the management of open innovation, innovation ecosystems, platforms, and coopetition.     

The ‘right time’ – negotiating the timing of interviews with vulnerable young people

Participant retention is a key factor in determining the success of longitudinal research. Challenges in re-locating and retaining participants over the long term are major issues for researchers working with young people who face adversity and experience frequent changes in circumstances. This article reports on a study of vulnerable young people and their transition into adulthood. Rather than the more conventional schedule-based approach to locating and re-interviewing young people, a relational process, the ‘right time’ framework, was used to facilitate young people's involvement in the study. Embedded in the ‘right time’ framework is recognition of the diverse and fluctuating circumstances that shape young people's availability for interviews. Several case examples are considered which amplify the way that the ‘right time’ framework allowed the research to navigate around these circumstances. The case examples highlight the value young people attached to being involved in the research, the influence on the ‘right time’ of wider relational tensions for young people and the need to negotiate researcher status as a different sort of adult. The ‘right time’ framework contributed to a high retention rate in the study generating a more representative sample and enhancing the subsequent data analysis by providing valuable insights into the lives of these vulnerable young people.     

论被遗忘权的本土化移植

随着信息技术的高速发展，公民的个人信息和个人隐私极易遭受滥用和侵害。以达成数据主体对于个人信息的主动自决意愿为内驱动力的被遗忘权，欧美发达国家因符合其政治需求和价值主张而广泛确立。虽然被遗忘权权利本质亦与我国社会发展实际相契合，且国内的立法司法实践也为其培育了移植基础，但被遗忘权在我国的本土化移植仍然面临诸多障碍，如信息技术瓶颈、商业风险增加、现有制度衔接低效等。从厘清被遗忘权基本概念、建立专门信息保护机构、构建商业化个人信息储存及使用机制、明确被遗忘权救济渠道与规则以及升级信息保护技术等方面为切入点，寻求被遗忘权本土化移植的解决思路。     

瑞典修改《医疗生物银行法》对我国的启示

瑞典的《医疗生物银行法》在实施过程中出现适用范围有限、伦理原则缺失、有关职责界定不清等问题，科学界和医疗界提议出台新的生物银行法以替代旧法，促进医疗领域健康发展。瑞典新的生物银行法报告在尊重个体完整和隐私的前提下，将监管所有人类组织样本的收集、存储和使用，并将完善样本捐献者的知情同意，强化样本捐献者的自决权，增加可追溯性规定和样本库个人资料处理原则，申明生物样本跨界合作的安全问题，对正在修订《涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查办法》的我国具有借鉴意义。     

论夫妻忠实义务与隐私权冲突的法律协调

配偶间的隐私权和忠实义务的冲突是我国婚姻关系中错综复杂的问题,随着社会的发展,该问题日益凸显,不仅关乎我国婚姻制度的完备,更关乎社会的稳定和谐。《婚姻法》修订后的数年中,我国最高人民法院随后出台了三次司法解释,但是却对夫妻间忠实义务与婚内隐私权冲突的协调没有提出具有实质指导性的法律意见。文章拟通过对夫妻忠实义务和婚内隐私权的含义及特点的理解,阐述夫妻间忠实义务和婚内隐私权的客体内容和法律关系,通过讨论二者之间的冲突现状、原因,以寻求解决途径。     

农房确权的制度设计与政策建议

农民住房财产权的确认(简称农房确权)有助于维护农民财产权利,为下一步农村改革创造 前置条件和法律依据。然而,实践中农房确权面临着甄别、处置、配合和实施等各种难题。建议在制度 设计上按照“房地一体,先地后房”的原则,对农房进行分类处理,通过收取宅基地有偿使用费、明确确权 操作流程等措施予以完善。在此基础上,地方政府利用农房确权契机鼓励农村集约节约用地,通过规划 指导和建房监管确保新建农房达到确权要求,中央政府推进宅基地流转和农房财产权抵押担保制度改 革,使农房确权更具实质意义。     

人工智能生成物的著作权保护路径探析——兼评人工智能生成物著作权第一案

人工智能技术的发展对传统著作权制度带来了显著的冲击。以人工智能生成物著作权第一案为例，通过审视作品构成要件判断标准发现，独创性始终贯彻以人类作者为中心的评价标准，同时，智力成果要件则是认定人工智能生成物构成著作权法意义上作品与否的重要标准。从人类是否实际参与作品的创作过程来看，多数人工智能生成物不构成作品，而保护人工智能生成物的价值追求与邻接权制度的基本理念相适应，且邻接权制度的扩张趋势也为把人工智能生成物纳入其保护范畴创造了机会。建议立法通过扩张邻接权制度的权利内容与客体类型以对人工智能生成物提供必要保护。而在当前阶段，反不正当竞争法可以为人工智能生成物相关利益主体提供一定限度的过渡保护。