裂变与重建：大众媒介语境下的文学场研究

在大众媒介的强势渗透下,文学场的自主性原则遭到沉重打击,文学场的裂变难以避免,重建媒介时代的文学场,应该将文学场视为一个以媒介为中心的开放场域。媒介时代的文学研究需要突破本质主义和二元对立思维模式,将封闭的文学理论开放,加强对大众媒介语境下文学经验和文学现象的研究,利用媒介,利用文学,丰富我们的文化生活,提升我们的文化品位,从而提高整个社会的精神质量,这正是重建媒介时代文学场的目的和意义所在。     

Exposure Reconstruction for the TCDD-Exposed NIOSH Cohort Using a Concentration- and Age-Dependent Model of Elimination

Recent studies demonstrating a concentration dependence of elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suggest that previous estimates of exposure for occupationally exposed cohorts may have underestimated actual exposure, resulting in a potential overestimate of the carcinogenic potency of TCDD in humans based on the mortality data for these cohorts. Using a database on U.S. chemical manufacturing workers potentially exposed to TCDD compiled by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), we evaluated the impact of using a concentration- and age-dependent elimination model (CADM) (Aylward et al., 2005) on estimates of serum lipid area under the curve (AUC) for the NIOSH cohort. These data were used previously by Steenland et al. (2001) in combination with a first-order elimination model with an 8.7-year half-life to estimate cumulative serum lipid concentration (equivalent to AUC) for these workers for use in cancer dose-response assessment. Serum lipid TCDD measurements taken in 1988 for a subset of the cohort were combined with the NIOSH job exposure matrix and work histories to estimate dose rates per unit of exposure score. We evaluated the effect of choices in regression model (regression on untransformed vs. ln-transformed data and inclusion of a nonzero regression intercept) as well as the impact of choices of elimination models and parameters on estimated AUCs for the cohort. Central estimates for dose rate parameters derived from the serum-sampled subcohort were applied with the elimination models to time-specific exposure scores for the entire cohort to generate AUC estimates for all cohort members. Use of the CADM resulted in improved model fits to the serum sampling data compared to the first-order models. Dose rates varied by a factor of 50 among different combinations of elimination model, parameter sets, and regression models. Use of a CADM results in increases of up to five-fold in AUC estimates for the more highly exposed members of the cohort compared to estimates obtained using the first-order model with 8.7-year half-life. This degree of variation in the AUC estimates for this cohort would affect substantially the cancer potency estimates derived from the mortality data from this cohort. Such variability and uncertainty in the reconstructed serum lipid AUC estimates for this cohort, depending on elimination model, parameter set, and regression model, have not been described previously and are critical components in evaluating the dose-response data from the occupationally exposed populations.     

聘用制下高校组织与教师间心理契约的重构

高校教师聘用制的实施,使得高校组织与教师间的心理契约平衡状态受到了巨大冲击。心理契约自身的特点和高校目前的发展状况都提出了对心理契约进行重构的要求。高校和教师在对心理契约进行重构时应该在以人为本的前提下遵循有效沟通、公平公正、共同发展三个原则。     

论信息技术条件下学习文化的再造

信息技术条件下学生的学习,实质是学生在与技术与生活相接触的过程中,创造和建构着个人意义的理解,即学生在与不同层次的文化进行互动。信息技术条件下学习文化的再造应以建构主义理论、人的主体性理论、活动理论、学习环境理论为基础,注重学习情境、学习活动、学习资源的设计。     

网络拟古世情小说对当下意识形态的民间再构

近年来,在网络通俗小说创作中涌现出大量的拟古世情小说。这类小说往往以宏大的故事布局和对优秀女主人公的塑造,吸引了众多阅读者的目光。这些女主人公群像,不仅反映出汉民族文化传统的审美眼光,也寄托了根源于以家族、财富为中心的社会价值期待,还与当下价值评判体系中的女性群体的自我期许相吻合。这些拟古世情小说在完成言情小说的爱情故事构形和实现娱情的休闲功能以外,也因为广大阅读群体逐渐步入或即将步入中产阶层而发生相应的变化,重新赋予女性作为稳定家庭、增长财富、养育子女、传承家风的核心力量的社会意义,她们洁身自好,对爱情专一,勇于面对困难,乐于奉献,担当责任,胸怀宽广。这些新型的“高大全”形象,表达出女性主义的新倾向：女性的成长和幸福的获得,更重要的在于女性内在的精神力量,与传统的气节、操守有关的人格因素,以及家教和门风。这使得网络平台的民间话语表达,具有更为包容传统以及融合其合理因素的价值取向,也与当下主流意识形态遥相呼应。     

地震灾后重建绩效测量——以汶川、玉树、芦山地震为例

灾后重建是保障地震灾区群众重归正常生产生活的重要工作,那么如何测量灾后重建绩效,哪些因素会影响灾后重建绩效?文章回顾了灾后重建绩效相关研究文献,在此基础上认为效果和效率是灾后重建绩效的两大方面,以"消除灾害影响并恢复到灾前水平所用的时间"作为衡量灾后重建绩效的标准,能够反映灾后重建的效果和效率,具有可行性。以此为基础建立了灾后重建绩效的分析框架和测量方法,并选择汶川地震、玉树地震和芦山地震作为案例,对三次地震灾区的重建绩效进行了对比分析并简要分析了绩效差异原因。结果表明,三次地震灾后重建基本如期完成了灾后重建目标任务,但因存在灾害程度不同、对口支援质量不同等原因,三次地震灾后重建绩效存在一定差异。     

A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos‐Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks

Assessing exposures to hazards in order to characterize risk is at the core of occupational hygiene. Our study examined dropped ceiling systems commonly used in schools and commercial buildings and lay‐in ceiling panels that may have contained asbestos prior to the mid to late 1970s. However, most ceiling panels and tiles do not contain asbestos. Since asbestos risk relates to dose, we estimated the distribution of eight‐hour TWA concentrations and one‐year exposures (a one‐year dose equivalent) to asbestos fibers (asbestos f/cc‐years) for five groups of workers who may encounter dropped ceilings: specialists, generalists, maintenance workers, nonprofessional do‐it‐yourself (DIY) persons, and other tradespersons who are bystanders to ceiling work. Concentration data (asbestos f/cc) were obtained through two exposure assessment studies in the field and one chamber study. Bayesian and stochastic models were applied to estimate distributions of eight‐hour TWAs and annual exposures (dose). The eight‐hour TWAs for all work categories were below current and historic occupational exposure limits (OELs). Exposures to asbestos fibers from dropped ceiling work would be categorized as “highly controlled” for maintenance workers and “well controlled” for remaining work categories, according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure control rating system. Annual exposures (dose) were found to be greatest for specialists, followed by maintenance workers, generalists, bystanders, and DIY. On a comparative basis, modeled dose and thus risk from dropped ceilings for all work categories were orders of magnitude lower than published exposures for other sources of banned friable asbestos‐containing building material commonly encountered in construction trades.     

Identifying Skeleton Curves in Noisy Data

This article presents a Bayesian method to reconstruct the centerline in noisy data using B-spline curves. The method is illustrated on simulated two- and three-dimensional data and is applied to recover the centerline of the colon in single photon emission computed tomography images.     

《水浒传》女性视点生成及其拓新价值

在英雄本位语境下,《水浒传》女性视点呈现出弱化、丑化、男化等非对称性、非常态化的建构。究其原因,除了宋明理学时代文化心理的深层影响外,更主要的是流传广布而极具世俗情味的江湖母题自然渗入《水浒传》的累积成型中,使得《水浒传》女性视点成为某些江湖母题的情节化、故事化和具象化,成为趋附于英雄本位而生的一类特定语境女性景观。《水浒传》的女性视点因对传统的文本模式、道德取向和审美习性的悬搁而呈现出一种全新的价值重构。     

Life Satisfaction,Self-Esteem,and Loneliness Among LGB Adults and Heterosexual Adults in China

ABSTRACT

Low levels of life satisfaction have been linked to low self-esteem and loneliness, but this association has never been tested directly in LGB (lesbian/gay/bisexual) populations. We compared 275 Chinese LGB adults to 275 demographic-matched Chinese heterosexual controls on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and loneliness. LGB adults reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of loneliness than heterosexuals, but similar levels of overall life satisfaction. Self-esteem partially mediated (but did not moderate) the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in both groups. Hierarchical regressions indicated that demographic variables, loneliness, and self-esteem can predict life satisfaction in both LGB and heterosexual adults, but explained more variance of life satisfaction in the LGB group. Thus self-esteem and loneliness play a more important role in life satisfaction for LGB rather than heterosexual Chinese adults.