中外货币犯罪宏观比较研究

各国和地区刑法对货币犯罪虽然都作了规定,但彼此差异较大。文章着重对各国和地区刑法 规定的货币犯罪行为、犯罪对象、主观目的作一比较研究。     

刑事被害人国家补偿制度之理论探微

作为刑事被害人国家补偿制度的传统理论依据,“国家责任论”具有合理成分但有失偏颇;“社会福利论”符合现实要求但有失公平;“命运论”符合客观规律但有悖情理。在均衡保障人权理念日益彰显的当今时代,有必要将其导入刑事被害人国家补偿制度理论体系,使刑事被害人之人权保障不再成为“被遗忘的角落”。     

浅析刑事和解制度在中国的构建

在我国司法领域,由实务部门率先尝试刑事和解。它作为刑事案件的一种解决机制,在尊重被害人、赔偿被害人及其近亲属,促使加害人认罪悔罪、改过自新等方面显示出了一定的优势,同时,刑事和解对建设我国社会主义和谐社会具有积极的意义。因此,对这一制度的构建不仅仅是司法实务界正在进行探索的问题,也引起了理论学界的广泛关注与探讨。当然,任何一种制度都具有两面性,刑事和解在显示出积极性的同时,也不可避免地存在着一些问题。     

刑事审后程序中的权力配置问题研究

刑事审后程序包括判决生效后的一系列程序,即刑事执行程序、被害人保护程序、前科消灭程序等,不包括审判监督程序。为了弥补我国刑事审后程序权力分散、职责不明的缺陷,应当由司法行政机关统一行使刑事执行权,由人民法院行使刑事执行中的裁判权及前科消灭的裁判权,完善刑事审后程序中的被害人保护制度。     

The Public Perception of Female and Male Violence in Marital Relationships

Most studies dealing with intimate partner violence (IPV) investigate situations where the man is the aggressor. The present study examines the participants’ social perception of IPV and the connection between social perception and the severity of the violent act and its justification when carried out by men against women and vice versa. The research is based on a structured, self-reported anonymous questionnaire answered by 240 participants. The questionnaire examined demographic variables, attitudes toward IPV, the severity of the violent act, and its justification. Findings indicate that violent behavior of women is perceived as more justified than that of men and that men’s violent behavior is perceived as more severe by women than by men, but women’s violent behavior is perceived to be equally severe by men and women. The study raises awareness of the lack of gender boundaries in violence and of gender discrimination against males.     

被害人利益的维度考量之刑法意义思考——以亲告罪为视角

随着"被害人学"的勃兴,被害人的主体地位、权利救济等在刑事政策的变迁中得到彰显,由此影响到刑事立法对被害人利益的尊重与考量。反观我国刑法,除了亲告罪,几乎没有对被害人主体利益特别是自我决定的尊重与保护,这不利于扩张刑法的法益保护机能与贯彻刑法谦抑性理念。为了让被害人利益在我国刑法中得到彰显,不仅要在完善亲告罪立法体例基础上适度扩张其适用范围,还要对被害人承诺进行适度的法定化,明确被害人承诺的概念,并就被害人对身体健康权的承诺进行限定,以与新增设的组织出卖人体器官罪的设置保持协调。     

Increasing Child Serving Professionals’ Awareness and Understanding of the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

ABSTRACT

Child serving professionals need increased understanding of the identification and therapeutic needs of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a training program aimed to increase awareness of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) among professionals likely to encounter victims in their work. Professionals’ (N = 227) knowledge level was examined prior to the training, immediately thereafter, and in a 6–12 month follow-up. Despite professional position or years of experience, participants had similar levels of CSEC knowledge before the training and all showed a significant improvement in their knowledge after the training. However, follow-up testing on a smaller subsample demonstrated that knowledge gains were not maintained. The analysis of the participants’ responses to how their behavior would change subsequent to the training revealed important themes including: (1) greater ability to identify/assess or recognize CSEC victims, (2) greater understanding and knowledge of CSEC, (3) increased ability to communicate, interact, and engage with CSEC victims, and (4) heightened desire to educate others and raise awareness about CSEC. Results also indicated that participants were very satisfied with the training and found it highly relevant to their work.     

A six-year analysis of sex traffickers of minors: exploring characteristics and sex trafficking patterns

ABSTRACT

Few studies have explored the characteristics and arrest patterns of sex traffickers, particularly sex traffickers of persons under the age of 18 (minors) in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior and characteristics of a national cross sectional sample of sex traffickers of minors during a six-year period. This study explored cases involving the arrest of sex traffickers of minors or persons under the age of 18 in the United States from 2010 to 2015. Sex traffickers of minors was defined as a person who facilitates and/or benefits by receiving something of value for the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor (person under the age of 18) or attempts to do so. During a systematic online search, 1,416 sex traffickers of minors were identified. The arrests were found in 46 states in the United States, two U.S. territories, and Washington D.C. The sex traffickers of minors were mostly males (n = 1067, 75.4%), and of those with race identified (only 51.6%), 71.7% were African American. Their ages ranged from 15 to 70 years old (M = 28.5, SD = 8.54). Characteristics of the sex trafficker and the sex trafficking situation are analyzed and implications discussed.     

完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的思考

我国的社会救助制度已经可以在一定的程度上对刑事被害人实施社会救助。但存在的问题是:在治疗费用、生活照顾和心理救助方面考虑不够。完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的基本思路是:在医疗保险制度中明确规定,刑事被害人也属于医疗保险的保障范围;建立刑事被害人生活照顾制度;建立刑事被害人心理救助制度。     

家庭暴力受害人法律地位认知的理论反思

我国现有的反家庭暴力方面的法律规定主要是从规制家庭暴力侵权行为的角度进行的立法,对家庭暴力受害人的权利规定也仅限于一般的权利保护方式,并未从法律主体的角度对其进行保护。这主要是因为传统的理论认为,家庭暴力受害人是一种与普通侵权行为受害人一样的法律主体,未将其作为一个整体性的、需要法律特殊保护的法律主体来对待。传统的理论只是建立在形式平等原则、功利主义原则基础之上的。我国的反家庭暴力立法,应当从人权法角度,对家庭暴力受害人进行倾斜保护,使反家庭暴力立法成为一部人权保护法,而非简单的侵权特别法或者婚姻特别法。